Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) ukhuphe ingxelo kwiveki ephelileyo echaza ukuba ngaphezulu kwesigidi esi-1 sokubhubha ngenxa yenyumoniya, isifuba, umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nezinye izifo zokuphefumla kunokuthintelwa kwihlabathi liphela unyaka nonyaka ukuba amazwe athatha amanyathelo okuphucula umgangatho womoya. Olu luvavanyo lokuqala olukhulu lwehlabathi jikelele longcoliseko lomoya wangaphandle osuka kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ngelixa ungcoliseko lomoya e-US alufani nokufumaneka kumazwe afana ne-Iran, i-Indiya, nePakistan, akukho nto ingako yokubhiyozela xa ujonga izibalo zaseCalifornia.
Uphando luxhomekeke kwidatha exelwe kwilizwe kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, kwaye ilinganisa amanqanaba amasuntswana asemoyeni amancinci kune-10 micrometers - ebizwa ngokuba yi-PM10s - malunga nezixeko ezimalunga ne-1,100. I-WHO ikwakhuphe itheyibhile emfutshane ethelekisa amanqanaba amasuntswana othuli acolekileyo, aziwa ngokuba zii-PM2.5s.
I-WHO incoma umda ophezulu we-20 micrograms nge-cubic meter ye-PM10s (echazwe "njengentsingiselo yonyaka" kwingxelo ye-WHO), enokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu zokuphefumula kubantu. Ngaphezu kwe-10 micrograms kwi-cubic meter nganye ye-PM2.5s ithathwa njengeyingozi ebantwini.
Eyeyona iphambili kuluhlu lwezona zixeko zimbi esizweni ngokuchaneka okwandisiweyo kuzo zozibini izintlu zomcimbi yi-Bakersfield, efumana umyinge wonyaka wama-38ug/m3 kwi-PM10s, kunye ne-22.5ug/m3 ye-PM2.5s. I-Fresno ayikho ngasemva, ithatha indawo ye-2 kwilizwe lonke, kunye ne-Riverside / i-San Bernardino ebanga indawo ye-3 kuluhlu lwase-US. Lilonke, izixeko zaseCarlifonia zabanga i-11 yabona benzi bobubi baphezulu abangama-20 kuzo zombini ezi ndidi, zonke zidlula umda wokhuseleko we-WHO.
“Singakuthintela oko kufa,” watsho uGqr. Maria Neira, umalathisi wesebe lezempilo likawonke-wonke le-WHO le-WHO, ophawula ukuba utyalo-mali lwamanqanaba asezantsi ongcoliseko luhlawula ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yamazinga asezantsi ezifo yaye, ngenxa yoko, amaxabiso ezempilo aphantsi.
Kangangeminyaka, abaphandi kwihlabathi liphela bebenxibelelanisa amanqanaba ancitshisiweyo ezinto ezincinci kumahlathi aphilileyo asezidolophini. Uphononongo olwenziwe yiNatural Environments Research Council ngo-2007 lucebisa ukuba unciphiso lwe-PM10 nge-7% ukuya kuma-20% lunokuphunyezwa ukuba inani eliphezulu lemithi belityaliwe, ngokuxhomekeke kubukho beendawo ezifanelekileyo zokutyala. EUnited States, iZiko loPhando lwamaHlathi asezidolophini lapapasha iphepha ngo-2006 eliqaphela ukuba imithi ye-Sacramento yezigidi ezithandathu ihluza iitoni ezingama-748 ze-PM10 ngonyaka.