Isixhobo seSixhobo seSixhobo sokuTyalwa kweMithi

Ngezantsi kukho iingcebiso kunye nezixhobo zokukunceda ucwangcise umcimbi wakho wokutyala imithi.

Usingathwa njani uMnyhadala wokuTyalwa kwemithi ngempumelelo

Ukulungiselela ukusingatha umsitho wokutyala imithi kufuna ucwangciso oluthile. Sicebisa ukuba uchithe ixesha usenza isicwangciso esichazwe kula manyathelo alandelayo:
Inyathelo loku-1: Cwangcisa uMnyhadala wakho kwiinyanga ezi-6-8 eziPhambili
Inyathelo lesi-2: Fumana kwaye ubandakanye amavolontiya kunye noluntu-Ukuqala kwiinyanga ezi-2 ngaphambili
Inyathelo lesi-3: Bamba uMnyhadala wakho kwaye uTyelele iMithi yakho
Inyathelo lesi-4: Emva koMnyhadala wokuLandelwa kunye noKukhathalelwa kwemithi eqhubekayo  
Imifanekiso ebonisa ucwangciso, indawo yokugcina imithi kunye notyelelo lwendawo yokutyala imithi

Inyathelo loku-1: Cwangcisa uMnyhadala wakho kwiinyanga ezi-6-8 eziPhambili

Qokelela ikomiti yocwangciso

  • Chonga iinjongo zesiganeko sokutyala imithi
  • Ukuchonga iimfuno zemali kunye namathuba okunyusa imali.
  • Phuhlisa isicwangciso kwaye uqalise ukunyusa imali kwangoko.
  • Ukuchonga imisebenzi yamavolontiya okutyalwa kwemithi kunye neendima zeekomiti kunye noxanduva kwaye uzibhale
  • Cela isitulo somsitho wokutyala imithi kwaye uchaze uxanduva lwekomiti yomsitho.
  • Ukongeza kule khithi yezixhobo, unokufumana kwakhona Umthi San Diego kaThixo IProjekthi yokuTyalwa kweMithi/Imibuzo yokuQwalasela uMsitho PDF luncedo kumbutho wakho njengoko ujonga isicwangciso sakho.

UKhetho lweSiza kunye nokuVunywa kweProjekthi

  • Misela indawo yakho yokutyala imithi
  • Fumana ukuba ngubani ongabanini bepropati, kwaye umisele imvume kunye nenkqubo yemvume yokutyala imithi kwisiza
  • Fumana imvume/imvume kumnini wendawo
  • Vavanya isiza sokutyala imithi kunye nomnini wepropati. Qinisekisa izithintelo eziphathekayo zesayithi, ezifana:
    • Ubungakanani bomthi kunye nokuqwalaselwa kobude
    • Iingcambu kunye nepavumente
    • Ukonga umbane
    • Izithintelo ezingaphezulu (iintambo zamandla, izinto zokwakha, njl.njl.)
    • Ingozi engezantsi (imibhobho, iingcingo, ezinye izithintelo eziluncedo- Xhumana no811 ngaphambi kokuba umbe ukuze ucele iindawo eziqikelelwayo zezixhobo ezingcwatywayo ukuba ziphawulwe ngepeyinti okanye iiflegi.)
    • Ukukhanya kwelanga okukhoyo
    • Umthunzi kunye nemithi ekufutshane
    • Umhlaba kunye nokukhupha amanzi
    • Umhlaba oxineneyo
    • Umthombo wokunkcenkceshela kunye nokufikeleleka
    • Iinkxalabo ezinxulumene nomnini wepropati
    • Cinga ngokugqibezela i-a Uluhlu loVavanyo lweSiza. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga noluhlu lokukhangela isampula khuphela i ISikhokelo soVavanyo lweSiza (I-Urban Horticulture Institue kwiYunivesithi yaseCornell) oku kuyakunceda ukuba ubone iintlobo zomthi ezichanekileyo zendawo (iindawo).
  • Cwangcisa Ukulungiselela Isiza
    • Ithafa elicacileyo apho umthi ngamnye uza kutyalwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 kunye ne-1 1/2 yobubanzi bembiza yomthi.
    • Indawo engenalukhula iya kuthintela ukuba imithi ingakhuphiswanga kwaye inciphisa amathuba okuba iimpuku ezincinci zibangele umonakalo kwizithole.
    • Ukuba kukho umhlaba oxineneyo, misela ukuba ufuna ukugrumba imingxuma phambi komhla wokutyala
    • Ukuba kukho umhlaba oxineneyo, kunokuba yimfuneko ukulungisa umhlaba. Imihlaba inokulungiswa kunye nomgquba ukuphucula umgangatho

Ukukhethwa kweMithi kunye nokuThenga

  • Phanda ngohlobo lomthi olufanelekileyo lwesiza emva kokugqiba uvavanyo lwendawo.
  • Ezi zixhobo zilandelayo zinokuba luncedo kuwe kule nkqubo:
    • KhethaUmthi – Le nkqubo iyilwe yi Urban Forestry Ecosystems Institute eCal Poly yindawo egciniweyo yokukhetha imithi yaseCalifornia. Ungafumana owona mthi uwutyale ngophawu okanye ngekhowudi ye-zip
    • Imithi ye 21st Century sisikhokelo esiveliswe yiCalifornia ReLeaf esixoxa ngamanyathelo asibhozo ukuya kwicanopy yomthi ochumileyo, kuquka nokubaluleka kokukhetha imithi.
    • I-WUCOLS ibonelela ngovavanyo lweemfuno zamanzi okunkcenkceshela kwiintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-3,500.
  • Yenza isigqibo sokugqibela sokukhetha umthi ngokubandakanyeka komnini wesiza kwaye usayine
  • Tyelela i-nursery yendawo yakho ukuze uodole izithole kwaye uququzelele ukuthengwa kwemithi

Umhla wesiganeko sokuTyalwa kwemithi kunye neenkcukacha

  • Misela umhla wesiganeko sokutyala imithi kunye neenkcukacha
  • Misela inkqubo yomsitho wokutyala umthi, oko kukuthi, uMyalezo owamkelekileyo, umxhasi kunye nokuVunywa koMlingane, uMbhiyozo (ubude obucetyiswayo bemizuzu eyi-15), inkqubo yokungena ngokuzithandela, icandelo lezemfundo (ukuba likhona), umbutho wokutyala imithi, ukhokelo lweqela, inani lamavolontiya afunekayo , misela, ukucoca, njl.
  • Chonga abathathi-nxaxheba, ulonwabo, izithethi, amagosa anyuliweyo asekuhlaleni, njl.njl., ofuna ukubakho kumsitho kwaye ucele ukuba babeke umhla kwiikhalenda zabo.

Isicwangciso sokuKhathalelwa kwemithi emva kokutyala

  • Phuhlisa iSicwangciso sokuKhathalelwa kweMithi emva kokutyala kunye nokuBandakanya koMnini wePropati
    • Isicwangciso sokunkcenkceshela iMithi – Rhoqo ngeveki
    • Phuhlisa iSicwangciso sokuTyala kunye nokuMulchisha – Ngenyanga nganye
    • Phuhlisa isiCwangciso soKhuseleko lwemithi emincinci (ukukhusela izithole usebenzisa umnatha okanye iityhubhu zeplastiki)- Ukutyala emva kokutyala
    • Phuhlisa iSicwangciso sokuJonga iMpilo yeMithi kunye neMpilo yoMthi – Rhoqo ngonyaka kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala
    • Ukufumana iingcebiso zokucwangcisa ukhathalelo lomthi nceda ujonge i-webinar yethu yemfundo yeReLeaf: UkuKhathalelwa kweMithi ngokuSekwa ​​- kunye nesithethi sendwendwe uDoug Wildman
    • Sincoma kakhulu ukuba ucinge ngohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokunakekelwa kwemithi. Bukela wethu Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweMpumelelo yokuKhathalelwa kweMithi ukukunceda ngesiphakamiso sesibonelelo okanye ukuseka inkqubo entsha yokutyala imithi.

Uluhlu lweZibonelelo zokuTyalwa

  • Phuhlisa uludwe lwezinto zokutyala, nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele:
    • Hoe (1-2 iqela ngalinye)
    • Imihlakulo engqukuva (3 kwiqela ngalinye kwiigaloni ezili-15 ukuya phezulu kwimithi, 2 kwiqela ngalinye kwiigaloni ezi-5 kunye nemithi emincinci)
    • I-Burlap okanye ilaphu eliguquguqukayo lokubamba kunye nokuphakamisa umhlaba ozaliswe ngasemva (1 ukuya ku-2 kwiqela ngalinye)
    • Iitrowel zesandla (1 kwiqela ngalinye)
    • Iiglavu (isibini kumntu ngamnye)
    • Izikere zokususa iithegi
    • Imela eluncedo yokusika isikhongozeli (ukuba siyafuneka)
    • Isigcina-kufuma seplanga (ingxowa e-1 ngomthi omncinane, ingxowa e-1 = 2 cubic feet) –  I-Mulch inokunikelwa kwaye ihanjiswe yinkampani yendawo yokunyamekela imithi, isithili sesikolo, okanye isithili sepaki simahla kunye nesaziso esiphambili. 
    • Iibhara/iifolokhwe zokuhombisa
    • Umthombo wamanzi, ithumbu, ithumbu lebhibhi, okanye iiemele/iinqwelo zemithi
    • Izibonda zomthi kunye okanye iityhubhu zokukhusela imithi ezinamaqhina
    • Ihamile, isikhandi, okanye isando (ukuba siyafuneka)
    • Izitulo zokunyathela / Iileli, ukuba ziyafuneka, zokuxhoma imithi
    • I-PPE: Izigcina-ntloko, ukhuseleko lwamehlo, njl.
    • Izikhoni zendlela (ukuba ziyafuneka)

Ukuba isayithi inomhlaba odibeneyo, qwalasela oku kulandelayo

  • Khetha i-Ax
  • Ibha yokumba
  • I-Auger (Kufuneka ivunywe kwangaphambili nge 811 imvume)

 

UCwangciso lwamavolontiya

  • Qinisekisa ukuba uya kusebenzisa amavolontiya ukutyala imithi
  • Qinisekisa ukuba uya kusebenzisa amavolontiya ukukhathalela imithi kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala kunye nexesha elide, kubandakanywa ukunkcenkceshela, ukugquma, ukususwa kwesibonda, ukuthena kunye nokuhlakula.
  • Uza kuwafumana njani amavolontiya?
    • Imidiya yoluntu, iifowuni, ii-imeyile, iiflaya, uluhlu lweendawo zokuhlala, kunye nemibutho yamaqabane (Iingcebiso zokuGaya amavolontiya)
    • Qwalasela ukuba ezinye ii-nonprofits zinokuba nabasebenzi okanye iqela elilungele ukuhamba. Ezinye iinkampani okanye oomasipala baya kuququzelela iintsuku zokusebenza zeshishini okanye basebenzise unxibelelwano lwabo olukhoyo kwaye bafake isandla ngemali kumsitho wakho.
    • Ukumisela uhlobo lweendima zamavolontiya ezifunekayo oko kukuthi ukusetwa kwesiganeko, iinkokeli/abacebisi bokutyalwa kwemithi, ulawulo lwamavolontiya njengokungena/ukuphuma nokuqinisekisa ukurhoxiswa kwetyala, ukufota isiganeko, abatyali bemithi, ukucocwa kwemisitho.
    • Yenza unxibelelwano lwamavolontiya kunye nesicwangciso solawulo, uza kuba namavolontiya njani ukubhalisa okanye i-RSVP kwangaphambili, uya kuqinisekisa njani kwaye ukhumbuze njani ivolontiya ngesiganeko sokutyala okanye ukunyamekelwa kwemithi njl., uya kuthetha njani ukhuseleko kunye nezinye izikhumbuzo (cinga ngokudala ifomu yewebhusayithi, i-google form, okanye ukusebenzisa isoftwe yokubhalisa kwi-intanethi njenge-eventbrite, okanye signup.com)
    • Phuhlisa isicwangciso sokhuseleko lwamavolontiya, iimfuno zokuthotyelwa kwe-ADA, umgaqo-nkqubo / ukukhutshwa, ukufumaneka kwendlu yangasese, imfundo malunga nokutyalwa kwemithi kunye neenzuzo zemithi, kwaye ngubani, yintoni, phi, nini umcimbi wakho
    • Fumana iVolontiya Liability Waiver kwaye umisele ukuba umbutho wakho okanye indawo yokutyala / iqabane unokuba nemigaqo-nkqubo okanye iimfuno iimfanelo, iifom, okanye ukurhoxiswa ubutyala efunekayo. Nceda ubone wethu Isampulu yokuyekisa iVolontiya kunye nokukhutshwa kweFoto (.docx download)
    • Cwangcisa iimfuno zokhuseleko kunye nentuthuzelo yamavolontiya kwaye wenze isicwangciso sokuba noku kulandelayo kumsitho:
      • IKit yoNcedo lokuQala enegauze, i-tweezers, kunye namabhandeji
      • Isikrini selanga
      • Izandla zosula
      • Amanzi okusela (Khuthaza amavolontiya ukuba aziphathele ezawo iibhotile zamanzi ezinokuzaliswa kwakhona)
      • I-snacks (Cinga ngokucela umnikelo kwishishini lasekuhlaleni)
      • Sayina kwiphepha lebhodi eqhotyoshwayo ngepeni
      • I-Waivers ye-Liability ye-Volunteer eyongezelelweyo kumavolontiya angenayo
      • Ikhamera yokuthatha iifoto zamavolontiya asebenzayo
      • Ukufikeleleka kwindlu yangasese

Inyathelo lesi-2: Fumana kwaye ubandakanye amavolontiya kunye noluntu

Iiveki ezi-6 Ngaphambili

IKomiti yoMnyhadala ukuba yenziwe

  • Yabela amalungu ekomiti imisebenzi ethile ukunceda ukusasaza umsebenzi
  • Qinisekisa iodolo yomthi kunye nomhla wokuhanjiswa kunye nendawo yokugcina imithi
  • Qinisekisa ukufumaneka kwezinto zokutyala imithi
  • Tsalela umnxeba kwaye ujonge umnini sayithi kunye 811 ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiza sikhuselekile ukutyalwa
  • Qhubeka nokunyusa ingxowa-mali - khangela abaxhasi 
  • Dibanisa iqela lamavolontiya anamava okutyalwa kwemithi anokunika iingcebiso kumaqela okutyalwa kwemithi ngosuku lomsitho

Cwangcisa iPhulo leMedia

  • Yenza imidiya (iividiyo/imifanekiso), iflaya, ipowusta, ibhanile, okanye ezinye izinto zokwazisa malunga nomcimbi oza kuzisebenzisa kumajelo asekuhlaleni okanye kwiibhodi zezaziso zoluntu, njl.
  • Cinga ukusebenzisa ICanva yeZingenzi-nzuzo: Fumana indlela elula yokwenza imizobo yemidiya yoluntu enempembelelo ephezulu kunye nezixhobo zokuthengisa. Abangenzi nzuzo banokufumana i-Canva's premium features simahla.
  • Phuma I-Arbor Day Foundation's Marketing Toolkit Ukuphefumlelwa kunye neePDF ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso njengeempawu zeyadi, ii-hangers zocango, iiflaya, njl.
  • Chonga abaphembeleli beendaba zentlalo, amaqela asekuhlaleni njl kwaye ubaxelele ngomsitho wakho kwaye uzame ukubabandakanya
  • Gqibezela iinkcukacha zenkqubo yakho yomsitho wokutyalwa kwemithi kunye namaqabane akho asekuhlaleni kubandakanywa nokuba unokufuna okanye unokufikelela ekusebenziseni iqonga, iqonga, okanye inkqubo yePA.
  • Fumana amavolontiya usebenzisa amajelo eendaba asekuhlaleni, amaqabane, uluhlu lwe-imeyile, kunye nemidiya yoluntu

2-3 Iiveki Ngaphambili

IKomiti yoMnyhadala ukwenza

  • Cwangcisa intlanganiso kasihlalo wekomiti ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikomiti nganye iyigqibe ngempumelelo imisebenzi eyabelweyo
  • Qokelela izixhobo zezixhobo zamavolontiya zokutyala kunye neemfuno zokuthuthuzela ezidweliswe ngasentla. Jonga kwithala leencwadi lasekuhlaleni okanye isebe leepaki ukuba uboleke izixhobo
  • Thumela ii-imeyile zokuqinisekisa / iifowuni / imiyalezo ebhaliweyo kunye nezixhobo zomnyhadala, izikhumbuzo zokhuseleko zento yokunxiba kwaye izise kumavolontiya, amaqabane, abaxhasi njl.njl.
  • Re-qinisekisa umyalelo womthi kunye nomhla wokuhanjiswa kunye ne-nursery yomthi, kwaye wabelane ngolwazi loqhagamshelwano phakathi kwendawo yoqhagamshelwano kunye neqela lokuhambisa i-nursery
  • Qinisekisa loo nto 811 ilungisile indawo yokutyala
  • Cwangcisa ulungiselelo lwaphambi kokutyala kwindawo okt ukuhlakula/ukulungisa umhlaba/ukwemba kwangaphambili (ukuba kuyimfuneko) njl.njl.
  • Qinisekisa kwaye ushwankathele amavolontiya akhokelayo okutyalwa kwemithi aza kuqeqeshwa kwaye asebenze namavolontiya ngexesha lomsitho

Qalisa iphulo leMedia

  • Qalisa iphulo leendaba kwaye upapashe umcimbi. Lungiselela ingcebiso yemithombo yeendaba / ukukhutshwa kweendaba kumajelo asekuhlaleni kwaye ufikelele kumaqela eendaba zoluntu ngoFacebook, Instagram, Twitter njl. 
  • Ukusasaza iiflaya, iipowusta, iibhena, njl.
  • Chonga amajelo eendaba kwindawo yakho (amaphephandaba, amajelo eendaba, amajelo eYouTube, iifreelancers, izikhululo zikanomathotholo) kwaye ufumane udliwanondlebe nabo ukuze baxoxe ngomsitho wakho.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Bamba uMnyhadala wakho kwaye uTyelele Imithi Yakho

Ukuseta umnyhadala-Kucetyiswa kwiiyure ezi-1-2 phambi koMnyhadala wakho

  • Yakha izixhobo kunye nezixhobo
  • Imithi yeqonga kwiindawo zayo zokutyala
  • Sebenzisa iicones zendlela okanye iteyiphu yokulumkisa ukwenza umqobo okhuselayo phakathi kwetrafikhi kunye namavolontiya
  • Misela isikhululo samanzi, ikofu, kunye okanye i-snack (esilungele ukungezwani komzimba) samavolontiya
  • Umsitho weqonga/indawo yokuhlanganisana. Ukuba ikhona, seta kwaye uvavanye inkqubo yePA / isithethi esiphathwayo esinomculo
  • Qinisekisa ukuba izindlu zangasese zivuliwe kwaye zigcwele izinto eziyimfuneko

Ukungeniswa kwamavolontiya - imizuzu eyi-15 Ngaphambili

  • Bulisa kwaye wamkele amavolontiya
  • Yiba namavolontiya asayine kwaye aphume ukulandelela iiyure zamavolontiya
  • Yiba namavolontiya asayine ityala kunye nokuyeka ukufota
  • Khangela ubudala okanye iimfuno zokhuseleko okt izihlangu ezivaliweyo njl.njl.
  • Amavolontiya ngqo kwindawo yezindlu zangasese, itafile yokwamkela iindwendwe enamanzi / amashwamshwam, kunye nendawo yokuhlanganisana yeqela kumsitho okanye apho ukuqhelaniswa namavolontiya kuya kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuqala kokutyala imithi.

Umsitho kunye noMnyhadala

  • Qalisa uMsitho / Inkqubo yoMsitho (Sicebisa ukuba ugcine umyalezo wokwamkela malunga nemizuzu eyi-15)
  • Zisa izithethi zakho ngaphambili kwindawo yomsitho
  • Bandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba kunye namavolontiya kwaye ubacele ukuba bahlangane ukuze kuqaliswe umsitho
  • Enkosi wonke umntu ngokujoyina
  • Bazise ukuba izenzo zabo ekutyaleni imithi ziya kunceda njani okusingqongileyo, izilwanyana zasendle, uluntu njl.njl.
  • Yamkelani inkxaso-mali, abaxhasi, amaqabane aphambili njl.njl.
    • Nika umxhasi ithuba lokuthetha (ixesha lokucetyiswa kwemizuzu emi-2)
    • Nika umnini sayithi ithuba lokuthetha (ubude bemizuzu emi-2)
    • Nika igosa elinyuliweyo lendawo ithuba lokuthetha (ixesha lokucetyiswa kwemizuzu emi-3)
    • Nika uSihlalo woMsitho ithuba lokuthetha malunga nolungiselelo lomsitho nezinto ezenzekayo, kubandakanywa iimfuno zobubele/uqhelaniso, ezifana nezindlu zangasese, amanzi njl.njl. (ixesha lokucetyiswa kwemizuzu emi-3)
    • Bonisa indlela yokutyala umthi usebenzisa iinkokeli zakho zokutyala imithi - zama ukungabi nabantu abangaphezu kwe-15 ngomboniso ngamnye wokutyala umthi kwaye uwugcine ngokufutshane
  • Yahlula amavolontiya abe ngamaqela kwaye uwathumele kwiindawo zokutyala kunye neenkokeli zokutyala imithi
  • Yiba neenkokeli zokutyala imithi zibonelele ngokhuseleko lwesixhobo
  • Yiba neenkokheli zokutyala imithi ukuba amavolontiya azazise ngokuchaza amagama abo kwaye iqela lizolule kunye phambi kokutyala, cinga ukuba iqela libize umthi walo.
  • Chonga iinkokeli zokutyala imithi ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 zokuhlola umthi ngamnye emva kokutyala ukuze zihlole ubunzulu bomthi kunye nobude bomthi, kunye nokugquma.
  • Chonga umntu ukuba athathe iifoto zesiganeko kwaye aqokelele iingcaphuno ezivela kumavolontiya kunye namaqabane malunga nokuba kutheni bevolontiya, kuthetha ntoni kubo, into abayenzayo njl.
  • Xa ukutyalwa kwemithi kunye nokufaka isigcina-kufuma kugqityiwe, hlanganisa amavolontiya kwakhona ukuze nifumane ishwamshwam/ikhefu lamanzi.
  • Mema amavolontiya ukuba abelane ngenxalenye yawo ayithandayo yosuku kwaye asebenzise ixesha lokubulela amavolontiya kwaye abelane okanye abhengeze iminyhadala ezayo okanye anokuhlala njani enxibelelene okt imidiya yoluntu, iwebhusayithi, i-imeyile njl.njl.
  • Khumbuza amavolontiya ukuba aphume ukuze alandele iiyure zamavolontiya
  • Coca indawo uqinisekisa ukuba zonke izixhobo, inkunkuma, kunye nezinye izinto zisusiwe

Inyathelo lesi-4: Emva koMsitho Landela kunye neSicwangciso sokuKhathalelwa kwemithi

Emva koMnyhadala-Landelela

  • Hlamba kwaye ubuyisele naziphi na izixhobo ezibolekiweyo
  • Bonisa uxabiso kumavolontiya akho ngokuthumela amanqaku ombulelo kunye okanye ii-imeyile kwaye ubameme ukuba badibanise nawe kwimisitho yokhathalelo lwemithi efana nokugquma, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nokukhathalela imithi etyaliweyo.
  • Yabelana ngebali lakho ngezithuba zemidiya yoluntu ukumaka abaxhasi besibonelelo, abaxhasi, amaqabane aphambili, njl.
  • Bhala iSipapasho soShishino malunga nomsitho obandakanya ulwazi ngomsitho kunye nabaququzeleli, izibalo ezihlanganiswe imini yonke, iikowuti ezinomdla ezivela kubaququzeleli okanye amavolontiya, imifanekiso eneenkcazo, kunye neeklip zevidiyo ukuba unazo. Emva kokuqulunqa zonke izixhobo zokukhutshwa kweendaba zakho, zithumele kumajelo eendaba, abaphembeleli, kunye nemibutho efana nabaxhasi bakho benkxaso-mali okanye abaxhasi.

Khathalela Imithi Yakho

  • Qalisa isicwangciso sakho sokunkcenkceshela - ngeveki
  • Qalisa isicwangciso sakho sokuhlakula kunye ne-mulching - ngenyanga
  • Qalisa isicwangciso sakho sokukhusela imithi - emva kokutyala
  • Qalisa isicwangciso sakho sokuthena - emva konyaka wesibini okanye wesithathu emva kokutyala