Ngomhla we-16 kuDisemba, iBhodi yeMithombo yoMoya yaseCalifornia yagunyazisa ummiselo welizwe kunye norhwebo phantsi komthetho wokunciphisa igesi yegreenhouse, AB32. Ukulawulwa kwe-cap-and-trade, kunye nemilinganiselo emininzi yokuncedisa, iya kuqhuba ukuphuhliswa kwemisebenzi eluhlaza kwaye ibeke urhulumente kwindlela eya kwikamva elicocekileyo lamandla, i-CARB iqikelela.
"Le nkqubo isisiseko somgaqo-nkqubo wethu wemozulu, kwaye iya kukhawulezisa inkqubela yaseCalifornia ukuya kuqoqosho lwamandla acocekileyo," utshilo uSihlalo weCARB uMary Nichols. "Kuvuza ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye ibonelela iinkampani ngoguquko olukhulu lokufumana izisombululo ezintsha eziqhuba imisebenzi eluhlaza, ukucoca okusingqongileyo, ukonyusa ukhuseleko lwamandla ethu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iCarlifonia ikulungele ukukhuphisana kwimakethi ekhulayo yehlabathi yamandla acocekileyo nahlaziyiweyo."
Ummiselo ubeka umda welizwe lonke ekukhutshweni kwemithombo evela kwimithombo ethi urhulumente unoxanduva lwe-80 yeepesenti ze-greenhouse gas emissions yaseCalifornia kwaye ibeka uphawu lwexabiso olufunekayo ukuqhuba utyalo-mali lwexesha elide kumafutha acocekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo. Inkqubo yenzelwe ukubonelela amaqumrhu agqunyiweyo ukuba bhetyebhetye ekufuneni nasekuphumezeni ezona ndleko ziphantsi iinketho zokunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo.
I-CARB ithi inkqubo ye-cap-and-trade inika iCalifornia ithuba lokuzalisa imfuno ekhulayo yehlabathi yeeprojekthi, amalungelo abenzi kunye neemveliso ezifunekayo ukusuka kumafutha e-fossil kunye nemithombo yamandla ecocekileyo. Ummiselo we-CARB uya kubandakanya amashishini angama-360 amele amaziko angama-600 kwaye ahlulwe abe ngamanqanaba amabini abanzi: isigaba sokuqala esiqala ngo-2012 esiya kubandakanya yonke imithombo yemizi-mveliso emikhulu kunye nezixhobo; kwaye, inqanaba lesibini eliqala ngo-2015 kwaye lizisa abasasazi bamafutha okuthutha, igesi yendalo kunye namanye amafutha.
Iinkampani azinikwa mda ukhethekileyo wokukhupha iigesi ezingcolisa umoya kodwa kufuneka zibonelele ngenani elaneleyo lezibonelelo (nganye igubungela itoni enye yekharbon diokside) ukuze zihlawule izinto ezikhutshwayo zonyaka. Unyaka ngamnye, inani elipheleleyo lezibonelelo ezikhutshiweyo kurhulumente ziyehla, ezifuna ukuba iinkampani zifumane ezona ndlela zingabizi kakhulu nezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwazo. Ekupheleni kwenkqubo ngo-2020 kuya kubakho ukuncipha kweepesenti ezili-15 kwi-greenhouse gas emissions xa kuthelekiswa nanamhlanje, amabango e-CARB, afikelela kwinqanaba elifanayo lokukhutshwa njengoko urhulumente anamava kwi-1990, njengoko kufuneka phantsi kwe-AB 32.
Ukuqinisekisa utshintsho oluhamba kancinci, i-CARB iya kubonelela ngento ethetha ngayo "njengezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo zasimahla" kuyo yonke imithombo yoshishino ngexesha lokuqala. Iinkampani ezifuna izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo zokuhlawula izinto ezikhutshwayo zinokuzithenga kwiifandesi zekota eziqhelekileyo eziza kwenziwa yiCARB, okanye zizithenge kwimarike. Izixhobo zombane nazo ziya kunikwa izibonelelo kwaye kuya kufuneka ukuba zithengise ezo zibonelelo kwaye zinikezele ngengeniso eyenziweyo ukuze kuxhamle abahlawuli berhafu kunye nokunceda ukufikelela kwiinjongo ze-AB 32.
Iipesenti ezisibhozo zeemveliso ezikhutshwa yinkampani zinokuhlawulwa kusetyenziswa iikhredithi ezisuka kwiiprojekthi ezihambelana nenqanaba lokuthotyelwa, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lweeprojekthi eziluncedo zokusingqongileyo kumacandelo amahlathi nezolimo, itsho iCARB. Ibandakanyiwe kulawulo iprotocols ezine, okanye iinkqubo zemithetho, ezibandakanya imithetho ye-carbon accounting ye-offset credits kulawulo lwamahlathi, amahlathi asezidolophini, i-methane digester yobisi, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweebhanki ezikhoyo ze-ozone-depleting substances e-US (ubukhulu becala kwifom yefriji kwifriji endala kunye nezixhobo zokupholisa umoya).
Kukwakho namalungiselelo okuphuhlisa iinkqubo ze-offset zamazwe ngamazwe ezinokubandakanya ukugcinwa kwamahlathi ehlabathi, itsho iCARB. Imemorandam yokuqondana sele ityikityiwe kunye neChiapas, iMexico, kunye neAcre, eBrazil ukuseka ezi nkqubo zeoffset. Ummiselo uyilwe ukuze iCalifornia iqhagamshelane neenkqubo kwamanye amazwe okanye amaphondo angaphakathi kweNyathelo yeMozulu yeNtshona, kuquka iNew Mexico, iBritish Columbia, iOntario neQuebec.
Lo mmiselo ubuphuhliswa kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo ukususela ekuphunyezweni kweSicwangciso sokuSebenza ngo-2008. Abasebenzi be-CARB babambe iindibano zocweyo zoluntu ezingama-40 kuzo zonke iinkalo zoyilo lwenkqubo yokuthengisa kunye norhwebo, kunye namakhulu eentlanganiso nabachaphazelekayo. Abasebenzi be-CARB basebenzise uhlalutyo lwekomiti ye-blue ribbon yabacebisi bezoqoqosho, ukubonisana namaziko akhethekileyo kwimiba yemozulu, kunye neengcebiso ezivela kwiingcali ezinamava avela kwezinye iinkqubo ze-cap-and-trade kwenye indawo kwihlabathi, ithi.