WASHINGTON, Dec. 18, 2012 —Lipoti latsatanetsatane la US Forest Service lomwe latulutsidwa lero likuwunika njira zomwe kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuchuluka kwa mizinda, ndi kusintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka kungakhudze kwambiri zachilengedwe, kuphatikiza madzi, m'dziko lonselo zaka 50 zikubwerazi.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa nkhalango zaumwini kuti zitukuke ndi kugawikana, zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri phindu la nkhalango zomwe anthu akusangalala nazo tsopano monga madzi aukhondo, malo okhala nyama zakutchire, zinthu zankhalango ndi zina.
"Tonse tiyenera kukhudzidwa ndi kuchepa kwa nkhalango za mdziko lathu komanso kutayika kwazinthu zofunikira zomwe amapereka monga madzi akumwa aukhondo, malo okhala nyama zakuthengo, kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya, zinthu zamatabwa ndi zosangalatsa zakunja," adatero Mlembi Waulimi Harris Sherman. . “Lipoti la lero likupereka lingaliro lozama la zimene zili pangozi ndi kufunika kosungabe kudzipereka kwathu pakusunga zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimenezi.”
Asayansi a US Forest Service ndi othandizana nawo m'mayunivesite, osapindula ndi mabungwe ena omwe amapezeka m'madera akumidzi ndi otukuka ku US adzawonjezera 41 peresenti pofika 2060. Madera a nkhalango adzakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukula kumeneku, ndikutayika kuyambira 16 mpaka 34 miliyoni maekala. m'maiko otsika 48. Kafukufukuyu akuwunikanso zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo pa nkhalango ndi ntchito zomwe nkhalango zimapereka.
Chofunika kwambiri, pakapita nthawi yaitali, kusintha kwa nyengo kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pa kupezeka kwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa US kukhala pachiopsezo cha kusowa kwa madzi, makamaka ku Southwest ndi Great Plains. Kuwonjezeka kwa anthu m'madera ouma kwambiri kudzafuna madzi ambiri akumwa. Njira zaposachedwa za ulimi wothirira ndi kasamalidwe ka malo zidzakulitsa kufunika kwa madzi.
“Nkhalango ndi udzu wa dziko lathu zikukumana ndi mavuto akulu. Kupenda kumeneku kumalimbitsa chidziŵitso chathu chofulumizitsa ntchito yokonzanso nkhalango zomwe zingathandize kuti nkhalango ikhale yolimba komanso kusunga zinthu zachilengedwe zofunika kwambiri,” anatero Tom Tidwell, mkulu wa nthambi yoona zankhalango ku United States.
Kuwunikaku kumadalira momwe zinthu zilili ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana okhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu aku US ndi kukula kwachuma, kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi ndi kukula kwachuma, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamitengo padziko lonse lapansi komanso kusintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka ku US kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2060. Pogwiritsa ntchito zochitikazi, lipotilo likuneneratu izi mayendedwe:
- Madera a nkhalango adzachepa chifukwa cha chitukuko, makamaka kumwera, kumene chiwerengero cha anthu chikuyembekezeka kukula kwambiri;
- Mitengo yamatabwa ikuyembekezeka kukhalabe yotsika;
- Dera la Rangeland likuyembekezeka kupitilira kutsika pang'onopang'ono koma zokolola za m'malo odyetserako ziweto zikuyenda bwino ndipo chakudya chokwanira kuti chikwaniritse zofuna za ziweto;
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo ingapitirizebe kuwonongeka chifukwa chakuti kutha kwa nkhalango kudzakhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhalango;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zosangalatsa kukuyembekezeka kukwera m'mwamba.
Kuonjezera apo, lipotili likugogomezera kufunika kokhazikitsa ndondomeko za nkhalango ndi madera osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhala zosinthika mokwanira kuti zikhale zogwira mtima pansi pa zochitika zambiri zamtsogolo zazachuma ndi zachilengedwe monga kusintha kwa nyengo. The Forest and Rangelands Renewable Resources Planning Act ya 1974 imafuna kuti Forest Service iwonetsere momwe zinthu zachilengedwe zimayendera zaka khumi zilizonse.
Ntchito ya Forest Service ndi kulimbikitsa thanzi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi zokolola za nkhalango ndi udzu wa fuko kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za mibadwo yamakono ndi yamtsogolo. Bungweli limayang'anira maekala 193 miliyoni a malo aboma, limapereka thandizo kwa eni malo aboma ndi achinsinsi, komanso limasunga bungwe lalikulu kwambiri lofufuza zankhalango padziko lonse lapansi. Madera a Forest Service amapereka ndalama zoposa $ 13 biliyoni ku chuma chaka chilichonse kupyolera mu ndalama za alendo okha. Mayiko omwewo amapereka 20 peresenti ya madzi aukhondo a dzikolo, mtengo wake umakhala madola 27 biliyoni pachaka.