Op-Ed yamasiku ano kuchokera ku New York Times:
Chifukwa Chake Mitengo Ili Yofunika?
Wolemba Jim Robbins
Kusinthidwa: Epulo 11, 2012
Helena, Mont.
MITENGO ili patsogolo pa kusintha kwa nyengo. Ndipo mitengo yakale kwambiri padziko lonse ikayamba kufa mwadzidzidzi, ndi nthawi yoti mumvetsere.
Nkhalango zakale kwambiri za kumapiri a kumapiri a kumapiri a ku North America zagwidwa ndi kachilomboka komanso bowa wa ku Asia. Ku Texas, chilala chomwe chatenga nthawi yayitali chidapha mitengo yamithunzi yopitilira XNUMX miliyoni chaka chatha komanso mitengo yowonjezereka ya theka la biliyoni m'mapaki ndi nkhalango. Ku Amazon, zilala ziwiri zapha anthu mabiliyoni ambiri.
Zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi nyengo yotentha komanso yowuma.
Tachepetsa kufunika kwa mitengo. Sikuti ndi magwero osangalatsa a mthunzi chabe koma ndi yankho lalikulu ku zovuta zina zomwe tikukumana nazo kwambiri zachilengedwe. Timawaona mopanda tanthauzo, Koma iwo ndi chozizwitsa chapafupi. Pang'ono chabe ya alchemy yachilengedwe yotchedwa photosynthesis, mwachitsanzo, mitengo imatembenuza chimodzi mwa zinthu zooneka ngati zosawerengeka - kuwala kwa dzuwa - kukhala chakudya cha tizilombo, nyama zakutchire ndi anthu, ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito popanga mthunzi, kukongola ndi nkhuni zamafuta, mipando ndi nyumba.
Chifukwa cha zonsezi, nkhalango yosasweka yomwe kale inali yaikulu m’kontinentiyo tsopano ikuwomberedwa ndi maenje.
Anthu adula mitengo ikuluikulu komanso yabwino kwambiri n’kusiya mitengoyo. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani pakukula kwa majini a nkhalango zathu? Palibe amene akudziwa motsimikiza, chifukwa mitengo ndi nkhalango sizimveka bwino pafupifupi pafupifupi magawo onse. “Ndi zochititsa manyazi kuti tikudziwa zochepa,” wofufuza wina wotchuka wa redwood anandiuza.
Zomwe tikudziwa, komabe, zikuwonetsa kuti zomwe mitengo imachita ndizofunikira ngakhale sizidziwika. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, Katsuhiko Matsunaga, katswiri wa sayansi ya m’madzi wa pa yunivesite ya Hokkaido ku Japan, anapeza kuti masamba a mitengo akawola, amathira asidi m’nyanja amene amathandiza kuthira manyowa a plankton. Pamene plankton ikukula, momwemonso zakudya zina zonse. Mu kampeni yotchedwa Nkhalango Ndi Okonda Nyanja, asodzi abzalanso nkhalango za m’mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje kuti abweretse nsomba ndi oyster. Ndipo abwerera.
Mitengo ndi zosefera zamadzi zachilengedwe, zomwe zimatha kuyeretsa zinyalala zapoizoni kwambiri, kuphatikiza zophulika, zosungunulira ndi zinyalala za organic, makamaka kudzera m'magulu ochulukirapo a tizilombo tozungulira mizu ya mtengo omwe amayeretsa madzi posinthanitsa ndi zakudya, njira yotchedwa phytoremediation. Masamba amitengo amasefanso kuwononga mpweya. Kafukufuku wa 2008 wochitidwa ndi ofufuza a pa yunivesite ya Columbia anapeza kuti mitengo yambiri m'madera akumidzi imagwirizana ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha mphumu.
Ku Japan, ofufuza akhala akuphunzira kwa nthawi yayitali zomwe amatcha "kusamba m'nkhalango.” Kuyenda m'nkhalango, amati, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala opsinjika m'thupi ndikuwonjezera maselo akupha achilengedwe m'chitetezo cha chitetezo chamthupi, chomwe chimalimbana ndi zotupa ndi ma virus. Kafukufuku amene anachitika m’mizinda ya m’kati mwa mizinda ikusonyeza kuti nkhaŵa, kuvutika maganizo, ngakhalenso umbanda n’zochepa kwambiri m’dera losaoneka bwino.
Mitengo imatulutsanso mitambo yambiri ya mankhwala opindulitsa. Pamlingo waukulu, ena mwa ma aerosols ameneŵa amaoneka kuti amathandiza kuwongolera nyengo; zina ndi antibacterial, anti-fungal ndi anti-virus. Tiyenera kuphunzira zambiri za ntchito ya mankhwala amenewa m’chilengedwe. Chimodzi mwa zinthuzi, taxane, kuchokera ku Pacific yew tree, chakhala chithandizo champhamvu cha khansa ya m'mawere ndi zina. Zomwe zimagwira ntchito za Aspirin zimachokera ku misondodzi.
Mitengo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepera kwambiri ngati eco-teknoloji. "Mitengo yogwira ntchito" imatha kuyamwa phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni wowonjezera omwe amatuluka m'minda yafamu ndikuthandizira kuchiritsa malo akufa ku Gulf of Mexico. Mu Africa, maekala mamiliyoni ambiri a nthaka youma alandidwanso chifukwa cha kukula kwa mitengo.
Mitengo imatetezanso kutentha kwa dziko. Amasunga konkire ndi phula la mizinda ndi madera ozungulira 10 kapena kupitilira apo ndikuziziritsa ndikuteteza khungu lathu ku kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa dzuwa. The Texas Department of Forestry yati kufa kwa mitengo yamithunzi kudzawonongetsa Texans mazana a mamiliyoni a madola owonjezera pakuwongolera mpweya. Mitengo, ndithudi, imatulutsa carbon, mpweya wowonjezera kutentha umene umapangitsa kuti dziko likhale lofunda. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Carnegie Institution for Science adapezanso kuti nthunzi yamadzi yochokera kunkhalango imachepetsa kutentha kozungulira.
Funso lalikulu ndilakuti, ndi mitengo iti yomwe tikuyenera kubzala? Zaka khumi zapitazo, ndinakumana ndi mlimi wa mitengo ya mthunzi dzina lake David Milarch, woyambitsa nawo Champion Tree Project yemwe wakhala akupanga mitengo yakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuti ateteze majini awo, kuchokera ku California redwoods kupita ku oak ku Ireland. Iye anati: “Imeneyi ndi mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo yapirirabe mpaka kalekale.
Sayansi sadziwa ngati majiniwa adzakhala ofunika pa dziko lotentha, koma mwambi wakale ukuwoneka ngati woyenera. Kodi nthawi yabwino yobzala mtengo ndi iti? Yankho: “Zaka XNUMX zapitazo. Nthawi yachiwiri - yabwino? Lero.”
Jim Robbins ndi mlembi wa buku lomwe likubwerali "Munthu Amene Anabzala Mitengo."