Isethi Yamathuluzi Yomcimbi Wokutshala Izihlahla

Ngezansi kuneziphakamiso nezinsiza zokukusiza ukuthi uhlele umcimbi wakho wokutshala izihlahla.

Usingathwa Kanjani Umcimbi Wokutshala Izihlahla Oyimpumelelo

Ukulungela ukusingatha umcimbi wokutshala izihlahla kuthatha ukuhlela okuthile. Sincoma ukuchitha isikhathi uthuthukisa uhlelo oluchazwe ezinyathelweni ezilandelayo:
Isinyathelo 1: Hlela Umcimbi Wakho Ezinyangeni Eziyisi-6-8 Ngaphambili
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Thola futhi Ubandakanye Amavolontiya Nomphakathi - Kusukela Ezinyangeni Ezingu-2 Ngaphambilini
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Bamba Umcimbi Wakho bese Utshala Izihlahla zakho
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Ngemva Kokulandelela Umcimbi kanye Nokunakekelwa Kwezihlahla Okuqhubekayo  
Izithombe ezibonisa ukuhlela, inkulisa yezihlahla kanye nokuvakashelwa kwendawo yokutshala izihlahla

Isinyathelo 1: Hlela Umcimbi Wakho Ezinyangeni Eziyisi-6-8 Ngaphambili

Hlanganisa ikomidi lokuhlela

  • Khomba imigomo yomcimbi wokutshala izihlahla
  • Khomba izidingo zezimali kanye namathuba okuthola imali.
  • Yakha uhlelo bese uqala ukuqongelela imali ngaso leso sikhathi.
  • Khomba imisebenzi yamavolontiya okutshala izihlahla kanye neqhaza lekomidi kanye nezibopho bese uzibhala
  • Cela usihlalo womcimbi wokutshala izihlahla bese uchaza izibopho zekomidi lomcimbi.
  • Ngokungeziwe kulekhithi yamathuluzi, ungathola futhi Isihlahla saseSan Diego Iphrojekthi Yokutshala Izihlahla/Imibuzo Yokucatshangelwa Komcimbi PDF luwusizo enhlanganweni yakho njengoba uhlola uhlelo lwakho.

Ukukhethwa Kwesayithi Nokuvunywa Kwephrojekthi

  • Nquma indawo yakho yokutshala izihlahla
  • Thola ukuthi ngubani umnikazi wendawo, futhi unqume ukugunyazwa kanye nenqubo yemvume yokutshala izihlahla esizeni
  • Thola imvume/imvume kumnikazi wendawo
  • Hlola indawo yokutshala izihlahla nomnikazi wendawo. Nquma imikhawulo ebonakalayo yesayithi, njenge:
    • Ukucatshangelwa kobukhulu besihlahla nobude
    • Izimpande nokugandaywa kwezinyawo
    • Ukonga amandla
    • Imikhawulo engaphezulu (izintambo zamandla, izakhi zokwakha, njll.)
    • Ingozi ngezansi (amapayipi, izintambo, eminye imikhawulo yensiza - Xhumana no-811 ngaphambi kokuthi umbe ukuze ucele izindawo ezicishe zifane zezinsiza ezingcwatshwe ukuthi zimakwe ngopende noma amafulege.)
    • Ukukhanya kwelanga okutholakalayo
    • Umthunzi nezihlahla eziseduze
    • Umhlabathi kanye nokukhipha amanzi
    • Inhlabathi ehlangene
    • Umthombo wokunisela nokufinyeleleka
    • Izikhalo ezihlobene nomnikazi wendawo
    • Cabangela ukuqedela a Uhlu Lokuhlola Lokuhlola Isayithi. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nohlu lokuhlola lwesampula landa i- Site Assessment Guide (I-Urban Horticulture Institue e-Cornell University) lokhu kukusiza ukuthi unqume uhlobo lwesihlahla olulungile lwendawo(izindawo).
  • Hlela Ukulungisa Isizinda
    • Sula i-turf lapho isihlahla ngasinye sizotshalwa ngokuphindwe ka-1 kanye no-1 1/2 ububanzi bebhodwe lesihlahla
    • Indawo engenalo ukhula izovimbela izihlahla ukuthi zingaqhudelani futhi inciphise amathuba okuba amagundane abangele ukulimala kwesithombo.
    • Uma kunenhlabathi ehlangene, nquma ukuthi ufuna ukumba imigodi ngaphambi kosuku lokutshala
    • Uma kunenhlabathi ehlangene, kungase kudingeke ukulungisa inhlabathi. Umhlabathi ungachitshiyelwa ngomquba ukwenza ngcono izinga

Ukukhetha Izihlahla Nokuthenga

  • Cwaninga uhlobo olufanele lwesihlahla sesayithi ngemva kokuqeda ukuhlolwa kwesayithi.
  • Izinsiza ezilandelayo zingase zibe usizo kuwe kule nqubo:
    • KhethaIsihlahla - Lolu hlelo lwakhiwe ngabakwa I-Urban Forestry Ecosystems Institute eCal Poly isizindalwazi sokukhetha isihlahla saseCalifornia. Ungathola isihlahla esihle kakhulu ongasitshala ngesibaluli noma ngekhodi ye-zip
    • Izihlahla zekhulu lama-21 iwumhlahlandlela okhiqizwe yiCalifornia ReLeaf oxoxa ngezinyathelo eziyisishiyagalombili zokuya ku-canopy yesihlahla esichumayo, okuhlanganisa nokubaluleka kokukhetha izihlahla.
    • I-WUCOLS inikeza ukuhlolwa kwezidingo zamanzi okunisela ngezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3,500.
  • Yenza isinqumo sokugcina sokukhetha isihlahla ngokubandakanyeka komnikazi wendawo bese uphuma ngemvume
  • Vakashela i-nursery yangakini ukuze u-ode izithombo futhi wenze lula ukuthengwa kwezihlahla

Usuku Lomcimbi Wokutshala Izihlahla Nemininingwane

  • Nquma usuku lomcimbi wokutshala izihlahla kanye nemininingwane
  • Nquma uhlelo lomcimbi wokutshalwa kwezihlahla, okungukuthi, Umlayezo Wokwamukela, Umxhasi kanye Nokuqashelwa Kozakwethu, Umkhosi (ubude obunconyiwe bemizuzu engu-15), inqubo yokungena ngokuzithandela, ingxenye yezemfundo (uma ikhona), inhlangano yokutshala izihlahla, abaholi beqembu, inani lamavolontiya adingekayo , setha, hlanza, njll.
  • Khomba abahlanganyeli, ezokuzijabulisa, izikhulumi, izikhulu ezikhethiwe zendawo, njll., ofuna babe khona emcimbini futhi ucele ukuthi bafake usuku ekhalendeni labo

Ngemuva kokutshala Uhlelo Lokunakekela Izihlahla

  • Yakha Uhlelo Lokunakekela Isihlahla ngemva kokutshala ngokubandakanyeka Komnikazi Wezakhiwo
    • Uhlelo Lokunisela Isihlahla - Maviki onke
    • Yakha Uhlelo Lokutshala Nokumboza Ngenyanga - Nyanga Zonke
    • Yakha Uhlelo Lokuvikela Isihlahla Esincane (ukuvikela izithombo usebenzisa i-mesh noma ishubhu lepulasitiki)- Ukutshala Ngemuva
    • Yenza Uhlelo Lokuqapha Impilo Yezihlahla - Minyaka yonke phakathi neminyaka emithathu yokuqala
    • Ukuze uthole amathiphu okuhlela ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla sicela ubuke i-webinar yethu yokufundisa ye-ReLeaf: Ukunakekelwa Kwezihlahla Ngokusungulwa - nesikhulumi esiyisivakashi u-Doug Wildman
    • Sincoma kakhulu ukuthi ucabangele isabelomali sokunakekelwa kwesihlahla. Buka wethu Ukwenza Isabelomali Sempumelelo Yokunakekelwa Kwezihlahla ukukusiza ngesiphakamiso sesibonelelo noma ukusungula uhlelo olusha lokutshala izihlahla.

Uhlu Lwempahla Yokutshala

  • Yakha uhlu lwezinto zokutshala, nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele:
    • I-Hoe (1-2 iqembu ngalinye)
    • Amafosholo amakhanda ayindilinga (ama-3 eqenjini ngalinye amalitha ayi-15 kuya phezulu, ama-2 eqenjini ngalinye amagalani ama-5 kanye nezihlahla ezincane)
    • I-Burlap noma indwangu eguquguqukayo ukuze uthwebule futhi uphakamise inhlabathi egcwaliswe ngemuva (1 kuya ku-2 iqembu ngalinye)
    • Amatrowel esandla (1 iqembu ngalinye)
    • Amagilavu ​​(amabhangqa omuntu ngamunye)
    • Izikele zokususa amathegi
    • Ummese wokusetshenziswa wokusika isitsha (uma kudingeka)
    • I-wood chip mulch (isikhwama esi-1 esihlahleni ngasinye esincane, isikhwama esi-1 = ama-cubic feet ama-2) -  I-mulch ngokuvamile inganikelwa futhi ilethwe inkampani yendawo yokunakekela izihlahla, isifunda sesikole, noma isifunda samapaki mahhala ngesaziso esithuthukisiwe. 
    • Amasondo amasondo/izimfoloko zokumboza
    • Umthombo wamanzi, ithumbu, ipayipi lepayipi, noma amabhakede/izinqola zezihlahla
    • Izigxobo zokhuni kanye noma amashubhu okukhosela isihlahla anothayi
    • Isando, i-post pounder, noma i-mallet (uma kudingeka)
    • Izitebhisi Zokunyathela / Izitebhisi, uma kudingeka, zokugxisha izihlahla
    • I-PPE: Omakalabha, ukuvikelwa kwamehlo, njll.
    • Izigaxa zethrafikhi (uma kudingeka)

Uma isayithi linomhlabathi ohlangene, cabangela lokhu okulandelayo

  • Khetha Izembe
  • Ibha yokumba
  • I-Auger (Kufanele ivunyelwe ngaphambilini nge 811 imvume)

 

Ukuhlela Amavolontiya

  • Nquma ukuthi uzosebenzisa yini amavolontiya ukutshala izihlahla
  • Nquma ukuthi uzosebenzisa yini amavolontiya ukunakekela izihlahla iminyaka emithathu yokuqala kanye nesikhathi eside, okuhlanganisa ukuchelela, ukumboza ngembobo, ukususwa kwezigxobo, ukuthena kanye nokuhlakula.
  • Uzowathola kanjani amavolontiya?
    • Inkundla yezokuxhumana, amakholi wefoni, ama-imeyili, amaflaya, ama-listserv asendaweni, nezinhlangano zozakwethu (Amathiphu Okuqasha Amavolontiya)
    • Cabangela ukuthi ezinye ezingenzi-nzuzo zingase zibe nabasebenzi noma iqembu elilungele ukuhamba. Ezinye izinkampani noma omasipala bazohlela izinsuku zokusebenza zebhizinisi noma basebenzise amanethiwekhi abo akhona futhi banikele ngokwezimali emcimbini wakho.
    • Nquma uhlobo lwezindima zamavolontiya ezidingekayo okungukuthi ukumiswa komcimbi, abaholi/abeluleki bokutshala izihlahla, ukuphatha amavolontiya njengokungena/ukungena kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuhoxiswa kwesikweletu, ukuthwebula izithombe zemicimbi, abatshali bezihlahla, ukuhlanzwa komcimbi.
    • Dala uhlelo lokuxhumana nokuphatha amavolontiya, uzoba kanjani namavolontiya abhalisele noma i-RSVP kusenesikhathi, uzoqinisekisa futhi ukhumbuze kanjani ivolontiya ngomcimbi wokutshala noma imisebenzi yokunakekela isihlahla njll., uzoxhumana kanjani nokuphepha nezinye izikhumbuzo (cabanga ukudala ifomu lewebhusayithi, ifomu le-google, noma ukusebenzisa isofthiwe yokubhalisa eku-inthanethi njenge-eventbrite, noma i-signup.com)
    • Yakha uhlelo lokuphepha kwamavolontiya, izidingo zokunethezeka zokuthobela i-ADA, inqubomgomo/ukuyekwa, ukutholakala kwezindlu zangasese, imfundo mayelana nokutshalwa kwezihlahla kanye nezinzuzo zezihlahla, nokuthi ubani, ini, kuphi, nini umcimbi wakho
    • Thola Ukuyekwa Kwesikweletu Sokuzithandela futhi unqume ukuthi inhlangano yakho noma indawo yokutshala/umlingani angase abe nezinqubomgomo zesibopho sezomthetho noma izimfuneko, amafomu, noma ukuhoxiswa kwesikweletu okudingekayo. Sicela ubone wethu Ukuyekwa Kwesampula Kokuzithandela Nokukhishwa Kwesithombe (.docx ukulanda)
    • Hlela izidingo zokuphepha nokunethezeka zamavolontiya futhi uhlele ukuba nalokhu okulandelayo emcimbini:
      • I-First Aid Kit ene-gauze, ama-tweezers, namabhandeshi
      • Isikrini selanga
      • Izandla zosula
      • Amanzi okuphuza (Khuthaza amavolontiya ukuthi aphathe amabhodlela awo amanzi angagcwaliseka)
      • Ukudla okulula (Cabanga ukucela umnikelo ebhizinisini lendawo)
      • Ishidi lokungena ngemvume lebhodi lokunamathisela ngepeni
      • Ukuyekwa Kwesibopho Esengeziwe Samavolontiya kumavolontiya aphumayo
      • Ikhamera yokuthatha izithombe zamavolontiya asebenzayo
      • Ukufinyeleleka kwendlu yangasese

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Thola futhi Ubandakanye Amavolontiya Nomphakathi

6 Amaviki Ngaphambi

Ikomidi Lomcimbi Elizokwenziwa

  • Yabela amalungu ekomidi imisebenzi ethile ukusiza ukusabalalisa umsebenzi
  • Qinisekisa i-oda lesihlahla kanye nedethi yokulethwa nenkulisa yesihlahla
  • Qinisekisa ukutholakala kwezinto zokutshala izihlahla
  • Shayela futhi uhlole nomnikazi wesayithi futhi 811 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo iphephile ukutshala
  • Qhubeka nokuqongelela imali - funa abaxhasi 
  • Hlanganisa ithimba lamavolontiya anolwazi lokutshala izihlahla angaluleka amaqembu okutshala ngosuku lomcimbi

Hlela umkhankaso wemidiya

  • Dala imidiya (amavidiyo/izithombe), iflaya, iphosta, isibhengezo, noma ezinye izinto zokukhangisa mayelana nomcimbi ozozisebenzisa kunkundla yezokuxhumana noma emabhodini ezaziso omphakathi, njll.
  • Cabanga ukusebenzisa I-Canva yeZingenzi-nzuzo: Zitholele indlela elula yokudala izithombe zenkundla yezokuxhumana ezinomthelela omkhulu nezinto zokumaketha. Ezingenzi-nzuzo zingathola izici ze-premium ze-Canva mahhala.
  • Hlola I-Arbor Day Foundation's Marketing Toolkit ukuze uthole ugqozi nama-PDF enziwe ngokwezifiso njengezimpawu zasegcekeni, iziphanyeko zeminyango, amaflaya, njll.
  • Khomba abagqugquzeli benkundla yezokuxhumana, amaqembu omphakathi njll. futhi ubatshele ngomcimbi wakho bese uzama ukubabandakanya
  • Qedela imininingwane yohlelo yomcimbi wakho wokunamathisela izihlahla nabalingani bakho basendaweni okuhlanganisa ukuthi ungase ufune noma ukwazi ukufinyelela ukusebenzisa isiteji, isiteji, noma uhlelo lwe-PA.
  • Cela amavolontiya usebenzisa izitolo zezindaba zendawo, ozakwethu, uhlu lwama-imeyili, nenkundla yezokuxhumana

2-3 Amaviki Ngaphambi

Ikomidi Lomcimbi Okuzokwenziwa

  • Hlela umhlangano kasihlalo wekomiti ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi wonke amakomiti aqede ngempumelelo imisebenzi ayabelwe
  • Qoqa izinsiza zamathuluzi ezisebenzi zokuzithandela zokutshala nezidingo zokunethezeka ezibalwe ngenhla. Hlola nelabhulali yangakini noma umnyango wamapaki ukuze uboleke amathuluzi
  • Thumela ama-imeyili okuqinisekisa/amakholi wefoni/imilayezo yombhalo enezinto zokwenziwa komcimbi, izikhumbuzo zokuphepha zalokho okufanele ugqoke futhi ulethe kumavolontiya, ozakwethu, abaxhasi njll.
  • Re-qinisekisa i-oda lesihlahla kanye nosuku lokulethwa nenkulisa yesihlahla, futhi wabelane ngolwazi lokuxhumana phakathi kokuxhumana endaweni kanye nethimba lokulethwa kwenkulisa
  • Qinisekisa lokho 811 isuse indawo yokutshala
  • Hlela ukulungiselelwa kokutshalwa kwangaphambi kokutshala kwendawo okungukuthi ukuhlakula/ukuchibiyela umhlabathi/ukumba (uma kudingeka) njll.
  • Qinisekisa futhi usho amavolontiya aholayo okutshala izihlahla azobe eqeqesha futhi asebenze namavolontiya ngesikhathi somcimbi

Yethula Umkhankaso Wemidiya

  • Yethula umkhankaso wemidiya futhi umemezele umcimbi. Lungiselela izeluleko zemidiya/ukukhishwa kwabezindaba kwemithombo yezindaba yasendaweni futhi ufinyelele emaqenjini omphakathi wezokuxhumana nge-Facebook, Instagram, Twitter njll. 
  • Sabalalisa amaflaya, amaphosta, izibhengezo, njll.
  • Thola izitolo zezindaba endaweni yangakini (amaphephandaba, iziteshi zezindaba, iziteshi ze-YouTube, ama-freelancers, iziteshi zomsakazo) futhi uthole ingxoxo nabo ukuze nixoxe ngomcimbi wakho

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Bamba Umcimbi Wakho bese Utshala Izihlahla Zakho

Ukusethwa komcimbi - Kunconywe Amahora angu-1-2 Ngaphambi Komcimbi Wakho

  • Dala amathuluzi nezinsiza
  • Izihlahla zesiteji ezindaweni zazo zokutshala
  • Sebenzisa amakhoni ethrafikhi noma itheyiphu yokuxwayisa ukuze udale umgoqo ovikelayo phakathi kwethrafikhi namavolontiya
  • Misa isiteshi samanzi, ikhofi, noma ukudla okulula (okungaguliswa nokungezwani komzimba) samavolontiya
  • Indawo yomcimbi wesiteji/indawo yokuhlangana. Uma ikhona, setha futhi uhlole isistimu ye-PA / isipikha esiphathwayo ngomculo
  • Qinisekisa ukuthi izindlu zangasese zivuliwe futhi zigcwele izidingo

Ukungena kwamavolontiya - imizuzu eyi-15 Ngaphambilini

  • Bingelela futhi wamukele amavolontiya
  • Yenza amavolontiya angene ngemvume futhi aphume ukuze alandelele amahora amavolontiya
  • Vumela amavolontiya asayine isikweletu nokuyekwa kwezithombe
  • Hlola ubudala noma izidingo zokuphepha okungukuthi izicathulo ezivaliwe njll.
  • Qondisa amavolontiya endaweni yezindlu zangasese, itafula lokungenisa izihambi elinamanzi/okudla okulula, kanye nendawo yokuhlangana yeqembu yomcimbi noma lapho kuzovela khona amavolontiya ngaphambi kokuqala kokutshala izihlahla.

Umcimbi kanye Nomcimbi

  • Qala Umcimbi / Uhlelo Lomcimbi (Sincoma ukuthi ugcine umlayezo wokwamukela cishe imizuzu eyi-15)
  • Letha izipikha zakho ngaphambi kwendawo yomcimbi
  • Bandakanya ababambiqhaza namavolontiya futhi ubacele ukuthi bahlangane ukuze kuqalwe umcimbi
  • Siyabonga wonke umuntu ngokujoyina
  • Bazise ukuthi izenzo zabo zokutshala izihlahla zizoyizuzisa kanjani imvelo, izilwane zasendle, umphakathi njll.
  • Yazisa abaxhasi bezibonelelo, abaxhasi, ozakwethu ababalulekile njll.
    • Nikeza umxhasi ithuba lokukhuluma (isikhathi sokuncoma imizuzu emi-2)
    • Nikeza umnikazi wesayithi ithuba lokukhuluma (ubude besikhathi 2 amaminithi)
    • Nikeza isikhulu esikhethiwe sendawo ithuba lokukhuluma (isincomo sesikhathi imizuzu emi-3)
    • Nikeza uSihlalo womcimbi ithuba lokukhuluma mayelana nezinto ezisetshenziswayo nezehlakalo, okuhlanganisa nezidingo zokwamukela izihambi/umumo, njengezindlu zangasese, amanzi njll. (isincomo sesikhathi imizuzu emi-3)
    • Khombisa indlela yokutshala isihlahla usebenzisa abaholi bakho bokutshala izihlahla - zama ukuthi ungabi nabantu abangaphezu kwe-15 umbukiso wokutshala isihlahla ngasinye futhi ukubeke kafushane
  • Hlukanisa amavolontiya abe ngamaqembu bese uwathumela ezindaweni zokutshala nabaholi bokutshala izihlahla
  • Yiba nabaholi bokutshala izihlahla banikeze ukuboniswa kokuphepha kwamathuluzi
  • Cela abaholi bokutshala izihlahla ukuthi amavolontiya azethule ngokusho amagama abo bese benza iqembu lilule ndawonye ngaphambi kokutshala, cabanga ukuthi iqembu liqambe isihlahla sabo.
  • Khetha abaholi bokutshala izihlahla abangu-1-2 ukuthi bahlole isihlahla ngasinye ngemuva kokutshala ukuze bahlole izinga lokulawula ukujula kwesihlahla nobude besiteki, kanye nokumboza
  • Khetha othile ozothatha izithombe zomcimbi futhi aqoqe izingcaphuno ezivela kumavolontiya nozakwethu mayelana nokuthi kungani bevolontiya, kusho ukuthini kubo, ukuthi benzani njll.
  • Uma ukutshalwa kwezihlahla nokumboza sekuqediwe, qoqa amavolontiya ndawonye ukuze nidle ukudla okulula/amanzi.
  • Mema amavolontiya ukuthi abelane ngengxenye yawo ayintandokazi yosuku futhi asebenzise isikhathi ukubonga amavolontiya futhi abelane noma amemezele imicimbi ezayo noma ukuthi angahlala kanjani exhumekile okungukuthi inkundla yezokuxhumana, iwebhusayithi, i-imeyili njll.
  • Khumbuza amavolontiya ukuthi aphume ukuze alandelele amahora amavolontiya
  • Hlanza isayithi uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinto zokusebenza, udoti, nezinye izinto zisusiwe

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Ngemva Kokulandelela Komcimbi kanye Nohlelo Lokunakekela Isihlahla

Ngemva Komcimbi - Landela

  • Geza futhi ubuyisele noma imaphi amathuluzi owabolekiwe
  • Bonisa ukwazisa kumavolontiya akho ngokuthumela amanothi okubonga kanye noma ama-imeyili futhi uwameme ukuthi ahlanganyele nawe emicimbini yokunakekelwa kwezihlahla efana nokumboza, ukuchelela, nokunakekela izihlahla ezitshaliwe.
  • Yabelana ngendaba yakho ngokuthunyelwe kwenkundla yezokuxhumana okumaka abaxhasi bezibonelelo, abaxhasi, ozakwethu ababalulekile, njll.
  • Bhala Ukukhishwa Kwabezindaba mayelana nomcimbi ohlanganisa ulwazi ngomcimbi nabahleli, izibalo ezihlanganiswe usuku lonke, izingcaphuno ezithakazelisayo ezivela kubahleli noma amavolontiya, izithombe ezinamagama-ncazo, neziqeshana zevidiyo uma unazo. Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa zonke izinto zokukhishwa kwakho kwabezindaba, zithumele ezitolo zezindaba, abagqugquzeli, nezinhlangano ezifana nabaxhasi bakho bemali yesibonelelo noma abaxhasi.

Nakekela Izihlahla Zakho

  • Qala uhlelo lwakho lokunisela - masonto onke
  • Qala uhlelo lwakho lokutshala nokumboza ngembobo izimbobo zezihlahla - nyanga zonke
  • Qala uhlelo lwakho lokuvikela isihlahla - ukutshala emva kokutshala
  • Qala uhlelo lwakho lokuthena - ngemva konyaka wesibili noma wesithathu ngemva kokutshala