Inhlangano yezempilo emhlabeni iWorld Health Organisation (WHO) ngeledlule ikhiphe umbiko othi abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi babulawa yinyumoniya, isifuba somoya, umdlavuza wamaphaphu nezinye izifo zokuphefumula kungavinjelwa emhlabeni wonke unyaka nonyaka uma amazwe ethatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa izinga lomoya. Lena inhlolovo enkulu yokuqala yomhlaba wonke yokungcoliswa komoya wangaphandle emhlabeni wonke.
Nakuba ukungcoliswa komoya wase-US kungafani nalokho okutholakala emazweni afana ne-Iran, i-India, ne-Pakistan, kuncane okungagujwa uma ubheka izibalo zase-California.
Inhlolovo incike kudatha ebikwe izwe eminyakeni embalwa edlule, futhi ikala amazinga ezinhlayiya ezihamba emoyeni ezincane kunama-micrometer ayi-10 - okuthiwa ama-PM10s - cishe emadolobheni ayi-1,100. I-WHO iphinde yakhipha ithebula elifushane eliqhathanisa namazinga ezinhlayiya zothuli ezicolekile, ezaziwa ngama-PM2.5s.
I-WHO incoma umkhawulo ophezulu wama-micrograms angu-20 cubic meter ngayinye kuma-PM10s (okuchazwa “njengencazelo yonyaka” embikweni we-WHO), okungadala izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphefumula kubantu. Ngaphezu kwe-10 micrograms cubic meter ngayinye ye-PM2.5s ithathwa njengeyingozi kubantu.
Ehamba phambili ohlwini lwamadolobha amabi kakhulu esizweni ngokuchayeka okwengeziwe kuzo zombili izigaba zezinhlayiyana kwakuyi-Bakersfield, ethola isilinganiso saminyaka yonke sika-38ug/m3 kuma-PM10s, kanye no-22.5ug/m3 kuma-PM2.5s. I-Fresno ayisekho kude, ithatha indawo yesibili ezweni lonke, i-Riverside/San Bernardino ifuna indawo yesi-2 ohlwini lwase-US. Sekukonke, amadolobha aseCalifornia athi yizigebengu eziyi-3 kwezingu-11 eziphambili kuzo zombili lezi zigaba, zonke ezeqa umkhawulo wokuphepha we-WHO.
“Singakwazi ukuvimbela lokho kufa,” kusho uDkt. Maria Neira, umqondisi womnyango wezempilo yomphakathi kanye nemvelo we-WHO, ophawula ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamazinga aphansi okungcola kuyakhokha ngokushesha ngenxa yamazinga aphansi ezifo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ziphansi.
Sekuyiminyaka abacwaningi emhlabeni wonke bexhumanisa amazinga ancishisiwe ezinhlayiya namahlathi asemadolobheni anempilo. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yiNatural Environments Research Council ngo-2007 luphakamisa ukuthi ukuncipha kwe-PM10 ngo-7% -20% kungafinyelelwa uma inani eliphezulu lezihlahla litshalwe, kuye ngokuthi zikhona izindawo zokutshala ezifanele. E-United States, i-Center for Urban Forestry Research yashicilela iphepha ngo-2006 eliphawula ukuthi izihlahla ze-Sacramento eziyizigidi eziyisithupha zihlunga amathani angama-748 we-PM10 ngonyaka.