I-ScienceDaily (May 8, 2012) - Isazi sezifo zezitshalo eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, e-Riverside sihlonze isikhunta esixhunyaniswe ne-dieback yegatsha kanye nokwehla okujwayelekile kwama-avocado amaningana angasemva kwendlu kanye nezihlahla zemvelo ezindaweni ezihlala abantu base-Los Angeles County.
Isikhunta siwuhlobo olusha lwe-Fusarium. Ososayensi basebenzela ukuhlukanisa ukuhlonza kwayo okuqondile. Isakazwa yi-Tea Shot Hole Borer (Euwallacea fornicatus), ibhungane le-ambrosia elingavamile elincanyana kunembewu yesesame. Isifo esisakazwayo sibizwa ngokuthi “i-Fusarium dieback.”
“Le bhungane liphinde latholakala kwa-Israel futhi kusukela ngo-2009, inhlanganisela yebhungane nesikhunta idale umonakalo omkhulu ezihlahleni zikakotapheya lapho,” kusho u-Akif Eskalen, udokotela wezifo zezitshalo ezinwetshiwe u-UC Riverside, elebhu yakhe ehlonze isikhunta.
Kuze kube manje, i-Tea Shot Hole Borer ibikwe ngezinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlukene eziyi-18 emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa ukwatapheya, itiye, amawolintshi, amagwava, i-lychee, umango, i-persimmon, ihalananda, i-macadamia kanye ne-oki kasilika.
U-Eskalen wachaza ukuthi ibhungane kanye nesikhunta kunobudlelwano be-symbiotic.
Wathi: “Lapho leli bhungane libhoboza esihlahleni, lijova isitshalo esiliphethe ngokhunta elingena emlonyeni waso. “Isikhunta sibe sesihlasela izicubu zemithambo yesihlahla, siphazamise ukugeleza kwamanzi nokugeleza kwezakhi, futhi ekugcineni sibangele ukufa kwegatsha. Izibungu zebhungane zihlala emagalaji phakathi kwesihlahla futhi zidla ukhunta.”
Nakuba leli bhungane laqala ukutholwa e-Los Angeles County ngo-2003, imibiko yomthelela walo omubi empilweni yesihlahla ayizange inakwe kwaze kwaba ngoFebhuwari 2012, lapho u-Eskalen ethola kokubili ibhungane kanye nesikhunta esihlahleni sikakwatapheya esingemuva kwendlu okubonisa izimpawu zokufa eSouth Gate, eLos. Angeles County. UKhomishana Wezolimo wase-Los Angeles County kanye ne-California Food and Drug Administration baqinisekise ukuthi ungubani ibhungane.
"Lesi yisikhunta esifanayo esabangela ukufa kukakotapheya kwa-Israel," kusho u-Eskalen. “Ikhomishini kakotapheya yaseCalifornia ikhathazekile ngomonakalo wezomnotho ukhunta olungawenza embonini yalapha eCalifornia.
“Okwamanje sicela abalimi ukuthi baqaphe izihlahla zabo futhi basibikele noma ngabe kukhona yini isikhunta noma ibhungane,” wengeza. “Izimpawu kukwatapheya zihlanganisa ukubonakala kwempuphu emhlophe ehambisana nembobo eyodwa yokuphuma yebhungane emagxolweni esiqu namagatsha amakhulu esihlahla. Le exudate ingase yome noma ibonakale njengombala omanzi.”
Ithimba lososayensi be-UCR lakhiwe ukuze lifunde i-Fusarium dieback eSouthern California. U-Eskalen no-Alex Gonzalez, uchwepheshe wensimu, kakade benza ucwaningo ukuze bathole izinga lokuhlasela kwebhungane kanye nezinga elingenzeka lokutheleleka kwesikhunta ezihlahleni zikakotapheya nezinye izitshalo ezihlala kuwo. URichard Soutthamer, uprofesa wesayensi yezinambuzane, noPaul Rugman-Jones, isazi sezinambuzane, bahlola isayensi yezinto eziphilayo nezakhi zofuzo zebhungane.
Amalungu omphakathi angabika ngokubonwa kwe-Tea Shot Hole Borer kanye nezimpawu ze-Fusarium dieback ngokushayela ku-(951) 827-3499 noma ngokuthumela i-imeyili ku-aeskalen@ucr.edu.