Ngomhlaka-16 Disemba, i-California Air Resources Board yagunyaza umthetho wombuso we-cap-and-trade ngaphansi komthetho wezwe wokunciphisa igesi ebamba ukushisa, AB32. Umthethonqubo we-cap-and-trade, kanye nezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezihambisanayo, uzoqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi eluhlaza futhi ubeke umbuso endleleni eya esikhathini esizayo samandla ahlanzekile, i-CARB ibikezela.
“Lolu hlelo luyisisekelo senqubomgomo yethu yesimo sezulu, futhi luzosheshisa inqubekelaphambili yaseCalifornia emnothweni wamandla ahlanzekile,” kusho uSihlalo we-CARB uMary Nichols. "Kuvuza ukusebenza kahle futhi kunikeza izinkampani ukuguquguquka okukhulu kakhulu ukuze zithole izixazululo ezintsha eziqhuba imisebenzi eluhlaza, zihlanze indawo yethu, zikhulise ukuphepha kwethu kwamandla futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi iCalifornia ikulungele ukuncintisana emakethe echumayo yomhlaba wonke yamandla ahlanzekile navuselelekayo."
Umthethonqubo ubeka umkhawulo wezwe lonke ekukhishweni okuvela emithonjeni izwe ethi ibophezele kumaphesenti angama-80 wesisi esingcolisa umoya sase-California futhi usungula isignali yentengo edingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside kumafutha ahlanzekile kanye nokusebenzisa amandla ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana. Uhlelo ludizayinelwe ukuhlinzeka izinhlangano ezikhaviwe ukuguquguquka kokufuna nokusebenzisa izinketho ezinezindleko eziphansi zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
I-CARB ithi uhlelo lwe-cap-and-trade lunikeza iCalifornia ithuba lokugcwalisa isidingo esikhulayo somhlaba wonke samaphrojekthi, amalungelo obunikazi kanye nemikhiqizo edingekayo ukuze isuke kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi iye emithonjeni yamandla ehlanzekile. Umthetho we-CARB uzohlanganisa amabhizinisi angama-360 amele izikhungo ezingama-600 futhi uhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili ezibanzi: isigaba sokuqala esiqala ngo-2012 esizobandakanya yonke imithombo emikhulu yezimboni kanye nezinsiza; futhi, isigaba sesibili esiqala ngo-2015 futhi siletha abasabalalisi bamafutha okuthutha, igesi yemvelo kanye nezinye izinto zokubasa.
Izinkampani azinikezwa umkhawulo othize ekukhiqizweni kwazo kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kodwa kufanele zinikeze inani elanele lezibonelelo (ngayinye ihlanganisa okulingana nethani elilodwa lesikhutha) ukuze zihlanganise ukukhishwa kwazo kwaminyaka yonke. Unyaka ngamunye, inani eliphelele lezibonelelo ezikhishwa kuhulumeni liyehla, okudinga ukuthi izinkampani zithole izindlela ezingabizi kakhulu neziphumelelayo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwazo. Ekupheleni kwalolu hlelo ngo-2020 kuzokwehla ngamaphesenti ayi-15 ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya uma kuqhathaniswa nanamuhla, izimangalo ze-CARB, zifinyelele ezingeni elifanayo lesisi esikhishwa umbuso ngo-1990, njengoba kudingwa ngaphansi kwe-AB 32.
Ukuqinisekisa ushintsho oluhamba kancane, i-CARB izohlinzeka ngalokho ekubiza ngokuthi “izibonelelo zamahhala ezibalulekile” kuyo yonke imithombo yezimboni ngesikhathi sokuqala. Izinkampani ezidinga izibonelelo ezengeziwe zokuvikela ukukhishwa kwazo zingazithenga ezindalini ezivamile zekota ezizoqhutshwa yi-CARB, noma zizithenge emakethe. Izinkampani zikagesi nazo zizonikezwa izibonelelo futhi kuzodingeka ukuthi zithengise lezo zibonelelo futhi zinikele ngemali engenayo ukuze kuzuze abakhokhi bentela futhi zisize ekufinyeleleni imigomo ye-AB 32.
Amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili ezinto ezikhishwa yinkampani zingakhandwa kusetshenziswa izikweletu ezivela kumaphrojekthi we-offset grade-grade, okugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi emvelo anenzuzo emikhakheni yamahlathi nezolimo, kusho i-CARB. Kufakwe kulo mthetho izimiso ezine, noma izinhlelo zemithetho, ezihlanganisa imithetho yokubalwa kwekhabhoni yezikweletu ze-offset ekuphathweni kwamahlathi, amahlathi asemadolobheni, ama-methane digester obisi, kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwamabhange akhona ezinto eziqeda i-ozone e-US (ikakhulukazi ngesimo seziqandisi esiqandisini esidala kanye nemishini yokupholisa umoya).
Kukhona nezinhlinzeko zokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zamazwe ngamazwe ze-offset ezingabandakanya ukulondolozwa kwamahlathi omhlaba, kusho i-CARB. Imemorandamu yokusebenzisana isivele isayinwe ne-Chiapas, Mexico, ne-Acre, e-Brazil ukuze kusungulwe lezi zinhlelo ze-offset. Umthetho uklanyelwe ukuthi i-California ixhumane nezinhlelo kwezinye izifundazwe noma izifundazwe ezingaphakathi kwe-Western Climate Initiative, okuhlanganisa i-New Mexico, i-British Columbia, i-Ontario ne-Quebec.
Lo mthetho ubulokhu uthuthukiswa kule minyaka emibili edlule kusukela kwaphasiswa UHlelo Lokwenza Ngo-2008. Abasebenzi be-CARB babambe izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi zomphakathi ezingama-40 kuzo zonke izici zomklamo wohlelo lwe-cap-and-trade, kanye namakhulu emihlangano nababambiqhaza. Izisebenzi ze-CARB ziphinde zasebenzisa ukuhlaziya kwekomiti eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka labaluleki bezomnotho, ukubonisana nezikhungo ezigxile ezindabeni zesimo sezulu, kanye nezeluleko ezivela kochwepheshe abanolwazi oluvela kwezinye izinhlelo ze-cap-and-trade kwenye indawo emhlabeni, kusho.