Nhasi Op-Ed kubva ku New York Times:
Nei Miti Iine Basa
NaJim Robbins
Rakabudiswa: Kubvumbi 11, 2012
Helena, Mont.
MITI iri pamberi pekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Uye apo miti yakaresa munyika inoerekana yatanga kufa, inguva yokuteerera.
Masango ekare okuNorth America ane bristlecone ari kubatwa nebete uye nefungus rokuAsia. MuTexas, kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu kwakauraya miti inopfuura mamirioni mashanu yemiti yemuguta gore rapfuura uye imwe hafu yebhirioni miti mumapaki nemasango. MuAmazon, kusanaya kwemvura kuviri kwakauraya mamwe mabhiriyoni.
Chinhu chakajairika kwave kuri kupisa, kusanaya kwemamiriro okunze.
Takazvidza kukosha kwemiti. Havasi iwowo masosi anofadza emumvuri asi mhinduro huru kune mamwe ematambudziko edu akanyanya kudzvanya kwezvakatipoteredza. Tinozvitora sezvisingakoshi, asi mashura ari pedyo. Mune zvishoma zvechisikigo alchemy inonzi photosynthesis, semuenzaniso, miti inoshandura chimwe chezvinhu zvinoratidzika sezvisina simba pane zvese - chiedza chezuva - kuita chikafu chezvipembenene, mhuka dzesango nevanhu, uye inoishandisa kugadzira mumvuri, runako nehuni hwehuni, fenicha uye. dzimba.
Pamusoro pazvo zvose, sango risingatyoki raimbofukidza chikamu chikuru chekondinendi iye zvino rapfurwa nemakomba.
Vanhu vakatema miti mikuru uye yakanakisisa uye vakasiya mitsimba. Ko izvo zvinorevei kune genetic fitness yemasango edu? Hapana anonyatsoziva, nekuti miti nemasango hazvinzwisiswe paanenge ese mazinga. “Kunonyadzisa kuti tinoziva zvishomanene sei,” mumwe munzveri ane mukurumbira weredwood akandiudza kudaro.
Zvatinoziva, zvisinei, zvinoratidza kuti zvinoitwa nemiti zvinokosha kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzooneki. Makumi emakore adarika, Katsuhiko Matsunaga, nyanzvi yekemisitiri yemugungwa paHokkaido University kuJapan, akawana kuti mashizha emuti paanoora, anopinza asidhi munyanza iyo inobatsira kuberekesa plankton. Kana plankton ichikura, ndizvo zvinoitawo mamwe echeni yechikafu. Mushandirapamwe wakadanwa Masango Vanoda Gungwa, vabati vehove vakadyarazve masango ari pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa nenzizi kuti vadzose hove nemaoyster. Uye vadzoka.
Miti ndiwo mafirita emvura echisikigo, anokwanisa kuchenesa tsvina ine muchetura, kusanganisira zvinoputika, zvinonyungudutsa uye marara, zvakanyanya kuburikidza nenharaunda yakaomeswa yehutachiona yakatenderedza midzi yemuti iyo yakachena mvura mukutsinhana nekudya, chirongwa chinozivikanwa se phytoremediation. Mashizha emiti anosefawo kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Ongororo yakaitwa muna 2008 nevatsvakurudzi vepaColumbia University yakawana kuti miti yakawanda munharaunda dzemumaguta inopindirana nehuwandu hwechirwere cheasthma.
MuJapan, vaongorori vakadzidza kwenguva refu zvavanodaidza kuti “kugeza musango.” Kufamba musango, vanodaro, kunoderedza mwero wemakemikari ekushushikana mumuviri uye kunowedzera masero anouraya echisikigo musimba rekudzivirira, anorwisa mamota nemavhairasi. Zvidzidzo mumaguta emukati zvinoratidza kuti kufunganya, kushushikana uye kunyangwe kuparwa kwemhosva zvakaderera munzvimbo ine nyika.
Miti inobudisawo makore akawanda emakemikari anobatsira. Pamwero mukuru, mamwe eaya ma<em>aerosol anoita seanobatsira kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze; mamwe ari anti-bacterial, anti-fungal uye anti-viral. Tinofanira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pebasa rinoitwa nemakemikari aya muchisiko. Chimwe chezvinhu izvi, taxane, kubva kuPacific yew tree, chave mushonga une simba wezamu nemamwe gomarara. Aspirin's active ingredient inobva kumawillow.
Miti inoshandiswa zvakanyanya seeco-technology. "Miti inoshanda" inogona kutora imwe phosphorus uye nitrogen yakawandisa inobuda muminda yepurazi uye kubatsira kuporesa nzvimbo yakafa muGulf yeMexico. MuAfrica, mamiriyoni emaeka evhu rakaoma akadzorerwa kuburikidza nekukura kwemiti.
Miti zvakare inodzivirira kupisa kwepasi. Vanochengeta kongiri uye asphalt yemaguta nemasabhabhu 10 kana kupfuura madhigirii inotonhorera uye inodzivirira ganda redu kubva kune yakaoma UV mwaranzi yezuva. Texas Dhipatimendi reMasango rakafungidzira kuti kufa-kubva kwemiti yemumvuri kuchadhura Texans mazana emamiriyoni emadhora ekuwedzera kune air-conditioning. Miti, hongu, sequester kabhoni, gasi rinopisa rinoita kuti pasi ridziye. Ongororo yakaitwa neCarnegie Institution for Science yakaratidzawo kuti mhute yemvura inobva mumasango inoderedza tembiricha yakapoteredza.
Mubvunzo mukuru ndewekuti, ndeipi miti yatinofanira kunge tichidyara? Makore gumi apfuura, ndakasangana nemumwe murimi wemuti wemumvuri anonzi David Milarch, mubatsiri weChampion Tree Project anga achigadzira mimwe miti mikuru uye mikuru pasi rose kuchengetedza genetics, kubva kuCalifornia redwoods kusvika kumiti yemiouki yeIreland. “Iyi ndiyo miti mikuru, uye yakatsungirira muedzo wenguva,” anodaro.
Sayenzi haizive kana majini aya achave akakosha papasi rinodziya, asi chirevo chekare chinoita sechakakodzera. "Inguva ipi yakanaka yekudyara muti?" Mhinduro: “Makore makumi maviri apfuura. Yechipiri-yakanakisa nguva? Nhasi.”
Jim Robbins ndiye munyori webhuku ririkuuya "Munhu Akadyara Miti."