Musi wa16 Zvita, California Air Resources Board yakatsigira mutemo wepamusoro-uye-kutengeserana pasi pemutemo wehurumende wekuderedza gasi regreenhouse, AB32. Iyo cap-and-trade regulation, pamwe chete nematanho akawanda ekuwedzera, ichafambisa kuvandudzwa kwemabasa egirinhi uye kuisa nyika munzira kune rakachena simba remangwana, CARB inofanotaura.
"Chirongwa ichi ndicho musimboti wemitemo yedu yemamiriro ekunze, uye chichamhanyisa kufambira mberi kweCalifornia kuenda kuhupfumi hwemagetsi akachena," anodaro Sachigaro weCARB, Mary Nichols. "Inopa mibairo kushanda zvakanaka uye inopa makambani kusandunuka kukuru kwekutsvaga zvigadziriso zvinotyaira mabasa egirinhi, kuchenesa nharaunda yedu, kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka kwesimba redu uye kuona kuti California yakamira yakagadzirira kukwikwidza mumusika uri kusimukira wepasi rose wesimba rakachena uye rinovandudzwa."
Mutemo uyu unoisa muganho wepasirese pane zvinobuda kubva kunzvimbo dzinonzi nyika inokonzera makumi masere muzana ezvekuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse muCalifornia uye inogadza chiratidzo chemutengo chinodiwa kutyaira kwenguva refu yekudyara mumafuta akachena uye kushandisa zvakanyanya simba. Chirongwa ichi chakagadzirirwa kupa masangano akavharwa mukana wekutsvaga uye kuita sarudzo dzakachipa-mutengo kuderedza kuburitswa.
CARB inoti chirongwa checap-and-trade chinopa California mukana wekuzadza kudiwa kwepasirese kuri kukura kwemapurojekiti, patent uye zvigadzirwa zvinodiwa kuti zvibve pamafuta ezvicherwa uye kuchenesa magetsi masosi. Mutemo weCARB uchabata mabhizinesi mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu anomiririra zvivakwa mazana matanhatu uye wakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvakafara: chikamu chekutanga chinotanga muna 360 icho chichasanganisira ese makuru maindasitiri masosi pamwe chete nezvinoshandiswa; uye, chikamu chechipiri chinotanga muna 600 uye chinounza vaparadzi vemafuta ekufambisa, gasi rechisikigo uye mamwe mafuta.
Makambani haapihwe muganho chaiwo pakuburitsa gasi regreenhouse asi anofanirwa kupa huwandu hwakakwana hwemvumo (imwe neimwe ichivhara yakaenzana netani imwe yecarbon dioxide) kuvhara kuburitsa kwavo kwegore. Gore rega rega, huwandu hwemvumo dzakapihwa muhurumende dzinodonha, zvinoda kuti makambani awane nzira dzinodhura uye dzinoshanda dzekudzikisa kuburitsa kwavo. Pakupera kwechirongwa muna 2020 kuchave nekudzikiswa kwegumi neshanu muzana mukuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse zvichienzaniswa nanhasi, inodaro CARB, ichisvika padanho rakafanana rekuburitsa seyakaitika nenyika muna 15, sezvinodiwa pasi peAB 1990.
Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma, CARB ichapa iyo yainodaidza se "yakakosha mvumo yemahara" kune ese maindasitiri masosi panguva yekutanga. Makambani anoda mamwe marevisheni ekuvhara maekisi avo anogona kuzvitenga pamaokisheni epagore achaitwa neCARB, kana kutenga pamusika. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinozopihwawo mari yekubvumidza uye ivo vanozofanirwa kutengesa iwo maallowance uye kupira mari inounzwa kuti ibatsire avo vanobhadhara uye kubatsira kuzadzisa AB 32 zvinangwa.
Zvisere kubva muzana zvezvinoburitswa nekambani zvinogona kuvharwa pachishandiswa zvikwereti kubva kumapurojekiti ekutevedza giredhi, kusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwemapurojekiti anobatsira ezvakatipoteredza muchikamu chemasango nekurima, inodaro CARB. Inosanganisirwa mumutemo ine maprotocol mana, kana masisitimu emitemo, anovhara kabhoni accounting mitemo yekubvisa zvikwereti mukutarisira masango, masango emudhorobha, methane digester yemukaka, uye kuparadzwa kwemabhanga aripo eozone-depleting zvinhu muUS (kunyanya ari muchimiro chefiriji mukare firiji uye air-conditioning michina).
Kune zvakare zvisungo zvekugadzira zvirongwa zvepasi rose zvinogona kusanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwemasango epasi rose, inodaro CARB. Chibvumirano chekunzwisisa chakatosainwa neChiapas, Mexico, neAcre, Brazil kuti itange zvirongwa izvi zvekugadzirisa. Iwo mutemo wakagadzirwa kuitira kuti California ibatane nezvirongwa mune dzimwe nyika kana mapurovhinzi mukati meWestern Climate Initiative, kusanganisira New Mexico, British Columbia, Ontario neQuebec.
Mutemo uyu wanga uchigadziridzwa kwemakore maviri apfuura kubva pakapasiswa chirongwa cheScoping Plan muna 2008. Vashandi veCARB vakaita misangano yeruzhinji makumi mana pamusoro pemagadzirirwo echirongwa checap-and-trade, uye mazana emisangano nevane chekuita navo. Vashandi veCARB vakashandisawo ongororo yekomiti yeblue ribhoni yevanopa mazano ezvehupfumi, kubvunzana nemasangano anoona nezvemamiriro ekunze, uye zano kubva kunyanzvi dzine ruzivo kubva kune zvimwe zvirongwa zvecap-and-trade kumwe kunhu pasirese, inodaro.