Ua hoʻopuka ka US Forest Service i kahi puke i kapa ʻia ʻo "Biological, social, and urban design factors e pili ana i ka make ʻana o nā kumulāʻau ʻōpio ma New York City."
Hōʻuluʻulu: Ma nā wahi metropolitan paʻa, nui nā kumu e pili ana i ka paʻa ʻana o ke kaʻa, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kūkulu hale a me nā hui kaiaulu e pili ana i ke olakino o nā kumulāʻau alanui. ʻO ka manaʻo nui o kēia haʻawina ʻo ia ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka pili ʻana o nā kumu hoʻolālā pilikanaka, olaola a me ke kūlanakauhale i ka nui o ka make o nā kumulāʻau alanui hou i kanu ʻia. ʻO nā loiloi mua o nā kumulāʻau alanui i kanu ʻia e New York City Department of Parks & Recreation ma waena o 1999 a me 2003 (n=45,094) ua ʻike ʻia he 91.3% o ia mau kumulāʻau e ola ana ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki a ʻo 8.7% paha i kū make a nalowale paha. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hana loiloi pūnaewele, ua nānā ʻia kahi laʻana i koho ʻia o 13,405 o kēia mau kumulāʻau ma ke kūlanakauhale o New York i ke kauwela o 2006 a me 2007. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ola ka 74.3% o nā kumu lāʻau i ka wā i noiʻi ʻia ai a ʻo ke koena ke kū a make paha. Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa o kā mākou loiloi mua i ka nui o ka make i loko o nā makahiki mua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, a he hopena koʻikoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāina i ka make ʻana o nā kumulāʻau ma ke alanui.
No ke komo ʻana i kēia puke, e kipa i ka pūnaewele USFS ma https://doi.org/10.15365/cate.3152010.