Ma kahi Mokupuni Heat Urban, Zippy Red Oaks
Na DOUGLAS M. MAIN
ʻO ka New York Times, ʻApelila 25, 2012
ʻO nā hua ʻoka ʻulaʻula ma Central Park e ulu aʻe i ʻewalu mau manawa ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ko lākou mau hoahānau i mahi ʻia ma waho o ke kūlanakauhale, ma muli paha o ka hopena o ka "moku wela" o ke kūlanakauhale. Hōʻike nā mea noiʻi o Columbia University.
Ua kanu nā mea noiʻi i nā hua o ka ʻoka ʻulaʻula maoli i ka pūnāwai o 2007 a me 2008 ma ʻehā mau wahi: ma ka hikina ʻākau o Central Park, kokoke i ke alanui 105th; i loko o ʻelua ʻāpana ulu lāʻau ma ke awāwa ʻo Hudson Valley; a ma kahi kokoke i ke kaona ʻo Ashokan Reservoir ma nā kapuaʻi o Catskill ma kahi o 100 mau mile ma ka ʻākau o Manhattan. I ka hopena o kēlā me kēia kauwela, ua kau nā kumulāʻau o ke kūlanakauhale i ʻewalu mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o ka biomass ma mua o nā mea i hānai ʻia ma waho o ke kūlanakauhale, e like me kā lākou aʻo ʻana, i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Tree Physiology.
"Ua ulu nui nā mea kanu ma ke kūlanakauhale, me ka emi ʻana o ka ulu ʻana i ka wā e mamao aku ai ʻoe mai ke kūlanakauhale," wahi a ka mea kākau alakaʻi o ka haʻawina, ʻo Stephanie Searle, ʻo ia ke kula haʻahaʻa o Columbia University i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka noiʻi a he mea noiʻi kulekele biofuels i kēia manawa. ʻAha Kūkākūkā o ka honua no ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe ma Wakinekona.
Ua manaʻo ka poʻe noiʻi ʻo ka mahana wela o Manhattan - a hiki i ʻewalu degere ke kiʻekiʻe i ka pō ma mua o nā wahi kuaʻāina - hiki ke kumu nui no ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka Central Park oaks.
Akā naʻe, ʻo ka mahana kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā wahi kuaʻāina a me nā kūlanakauhale. No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka hana i hoʻokani ʻia e ka thermostat, ua hoʻāla pū nā mea noiʻi i nā ʻoka i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua kahi i like ke ʻano o nā kūlana āpau, koe wale nō ka mahana, i hoʻololi ʻia e hoʻohālike i nā kūlana mai nā pā kula like ʻole. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua nānā lākou i ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana no nā ʻoka i hoʻāla ʻia i nā kūlana wela, e like me nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma ke kula, wahi a Kauka Searle.
Kūkākūkā pinepine ʻia ka hopena i kapa ʻia ʻo urban heat island e pili ana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. Akā ʻo ka haʻawina e hōʻike ana he pōmaikaʻi ia i kekahi mau ʻano. "E holomua paha kekahi mau mea ola ma nā kūlana kūlanakauhale," wahi a kekahi mea kākau, ʻo Kevin Griffin, he lāʻau physiologist ma Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory ma Columbia, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma kahi ʻōlelo.
Ua like nā hopena me ka a 2003 aʻo ma Nature ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana ma waena o nā lāʻau poplar i hoʻoulu ʻia ma ke kūlanakauhale ma mua o ka ulu ʻana ma nā ʻāina a puni. Akā ʻo ka haʻawina o kēia manawa ua hele lōʻihi loa ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka hopena o ka mahana, wahi a Kauka Searle.
ʻO nā lāʻau ʻoka ʻulaʻula a me ko lākou ʻohana e noho aliʻi i nā ululāʻau mai Virginia a hiki i ka hema o New England. Hiki i ka ʻike o nā ʻoka ʻulaʻula o Central Park ke hōʻike i nā mea e hiki mai ana i nā ululāʻau ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana i nā makahiki he mau makahiki e hiki mai ana me ka neʻe ʻana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe noiʻi.