ScienceDaily (Mayu 8, 2012) - Masanin ilimin cututtukan daji a Jami'ar California, Riverside ya gano wani naman gwari da ke da alaƙa da reshen reshe da raguwar avocado da yawa na bayan gida da bishiyoyin shimfidar wuri a cikin yankunan zama na gundumar Los Angeles.
Naman gwari sabon nau'in Fusarium ne. Masana kimiyya suna aiki a kan siffanta takamaiman ta ganewa. Ana watsa shi ta hanyar Tea Shot Hole Borer (Euwallacea fornicatus), wani ƙwaro mai ban sha'awa na ambrosia wanda ya fi ƙarami fiye da irin sesame. Cutar da take yaduwa ana kiranta da "Fusarium dieback."
"An kuma sami wannan irin ƙwaro a cikin Isra'ila kuma tun daga 2009, haɗin ƙwaro da naman gwari ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga bishiyoyin avocado a can," in ji Akif Eskalen, masanin ilimin cututtuka na tsire-tsire UC Riverside, wanda dakin bincikensa ya gano naman gwari.
Ya zuwa yau, an ba da rahoton Tea Shot Hole Borer akan nau'ikan tsire-tsire 18 daban-daban a duniya, ciki har da avocado, shayi, citrus, guava, lychee, mango, persimmon, rumman, macadamia da itacen oak na siliki.
Eskalen ya bayyana cewa irin ƙwaro da naman gwari suna da alaƙar alaƙa.
"Lokacin da ƙwaro ya kutsa cikin bishiyar, takan yi wa shukar naman gwari da take ɗauka a sassan bakinta," in ji shi. “Naman gwari daga nan ya kai hari ga jijiyar bishiyar, yana dagula ruwa da kwararar sinadirai, kuma a ƙarshe ya haifar da mutuwar reshe. Larvae na ƙwaro suna rayuwa ne a cikin ɗakunan ajiya a cikin bishiyar kuma suna ciyar da naman gwari.
Ko da yake an fara gano irin ƙwaro a gundumar Los Angeles a shekara ta 2003, ba a kula da rahotannin da ke nuna mummunan tasirinsa ga lafiyar bishiyar ba har sai Fabrairun 2012, lokacin da Eskalen ya sami duka ƙwaro da naman gwari a kan bishiyar avocado na bayan gida yana nuna alamun mutuwa a Ƙofar Kudu, Los. Angeles County. Kwamishinan noma na gundumar Los Angeles da hukumar kula da ingancin abinci da magunguna ta California sun tabbatar da ko wane irin ƙwaro ne.
"Wannan ita ce irin naman gwari da ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar avocado a Isra'ila," in ji Eskalen. "Hukumar Avocado ta California ta damu da lalacewar tattalin arzikin da wannan naman gwari zai iya yiwa masana'antar a nan California.
Ya kara da cewa "A yanzu haka, muna rokon masu lambu da su sanya ido kan bishiyarsu tare da kawo mana rahoton duk wata alama ta naman gwari ko kwaro." “Alamomin avocado sun haɗa da bayyanar farin foda tare da ramin fitar da ƙwaro guda ɗaya akan bawon gangar jikin da manyan rassan bishiyar. Wannan exudate zai iya bushewa ko kuma yana iya bayyana a matsayin rigar canza launin.
An kafa ƙungiyar masana kimiyyar UCR don nazarin Fusarium dieback a Kudancin California. Eskalen da Alex Gonzalez, kwararre a fannin, tuni suka fara gudanar da wani bincike don sanin girman kamuwa da ƙwaro da kuma yiwuwar kamuwa da naman gwari a cikin bishiyar avocado da sauran tsire-tsire. Richard Stouthamer, farfesa a fannin ilimin halitta, da Paul Rugman-Jones, kwararre a fannin ilmin halitta, suna nazarin ilmin halitta da kwayoyin halittar ƙwaro.
Membobin jama'a na iya ba da rahoton gani na Tea Shot Hole Borer da alamun Fusarium ya mutu ta hanyar kiran (951) 827-3499 ko aika imel aeskalen@ucr.edu.